ch 14 ig Flashcards by Isabella Vannavong

large veins have

large lumen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

medieum sized veins have

valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

venule/small viens only have

tunica externa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

arteriole have

precapillary sphincters (can contract)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

med artiery had a decent sized

tunica media

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

large artery has

internal elastic membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how ca n blood bypass capilary bed

by going thru a metarteriole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

continuous capillary

no pores
no large things

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fenestrated cap

pores in endotheilia
large can pass thru

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sinusoid

large ass gaps
incomplete membrane
allows entire cells to move out of vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

starling forces

Combination of hydrostatic pressure and oncotic
pressure that predicts movement of fluid across
capillary membranes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluid movement is proportional to:

(pc + πi) − (pi + πp)
hydrostatic pressure in cap plus colloid osmotic pressure in inter minus hydrostatic in i fluid plus colloud osmotic pressure of blood plasma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

oncotic pressure

difference bw two osmotic pressures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fluid movement equation is possitive

fluid move out of blood
negative means fluid move into blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

colloid whatever pressure is determined by

albunin?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

startling forces predict the

movement of fluid out of the
capillaries at the arteriole end
(positive value) and into the
capillaries at the venule end
(negative value)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why isnt the return of fluid on venous end not 100%

10-15% stays in interstitial spaces and goes to lymphatic caps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is most blood

in veins or pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

venous return what works against it

gravity
pressure (its low in veins)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what works for venous return of blood

cardiac suction
skeletal muscle pump
venous valve (stops blood form pooling in feet)
respiration
vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

deep vein thrombosis due to

inadequate venous flow (e.g. a
bedridden patient)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DVT prevention

compression socks, walking around asap after surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DVT treatment

anticoagulant drugs or thrombolytic agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood flow:

Amount of blood flowing through
an organ, tissue or vessel in a given time
(mL/min)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

total cardiac output is around

5L/min

Perfusion:

Flow per given mass (mL/min/g)

cardiac output durring exercise

17.5l/min

what shift blood flow with changing activities

arteries

constricting vessles effect on blood

less water out but increased blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP)

—the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall

systolic pressure

max BP during ventricular contraction

diastolic pressure

min BP during ventricular relaxation

where is blood pressure the highest

aorta larger arteries equals higher BP

first sound during BP measurement

systolic pressure

pulse pressure

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) –

Average blood pressure over the entire cardiac cycle

MAP equation

1/3 of pulse pressure pluse diastolic pressure

average MAP

93.3 mm hg

Primary hypertension – Essential hypertension

Sustained increase in blood pressure without evidence of another disease * Idiopathic- no cause

primary hypertension frequency

* 90-95% of hypertension cases

Secondary hypertension

* Increase in blood pressure is due to another disease

baroreceptor reflex

Negative feedback to maintain blood pressure arch of aorta sense change in pressure, increases or decrease HR

parasympathetic effect on heart

slow or decrease HR

sympathetic effect on heart

increase HR

when cardiac out increases, what happens to blood pressure

it increases

when blood volume increase, what happens to BP

increases

when resistance to flow increases, what happens to BP

increase

what resist blood flow (drop BP)

increase blood viscosity, increase vessel length, increase vessel radius

how to increase blood visosity

be dehydrated

vasoconstriction

narrows radius decrease flow (lower)?

vasodilation

widened vessel radius increase flow (higher)?

local control

auto regulation hypoxia- increase flow

hypoxia increases flow by

angiogenesis more new blood

shear stress

release NO, vasodialates for more flow

neural control

with baroreflex chemoreflex

angiotensin II

potent vasoconstrictor artery radius decrease peripheral resistance increase BP increase

aldosterone

increase urinary sodium reabsoprtion increase water retention increase flow increase BP

atrial natriuritic peptide

increase uriniary sodium excretion water level down lower BP

antidiuretic hormone

increase urinary water reabsorption increase water volume increase BP

epinephrine and noepi effect on blood stuff

prioritize blood flood and increases coronary perfusion

when alpha receptors are bound for blood vessels

vasoconstriction prioritizes blood flow

when beta receptros are bound in cardiac muscle blood vessles

increase coronary perfusion

cardiogenic shock

inadequate pumping of heart

low venous return

cardiac output is low bc too little blood is returning to the heart

Hypovolemic shock

-Loss of blood volume

Obstructed venous return shock -

Tumor or aneurysm compresses a vein

- Venous pooling (vascular) shock -

Long periods of standing, sitting, or widespread vasodilation

* Septic shock

– Bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

* Neurogenic shock

—loss of vasomotor tone, vasodilation

* Anaphylactic shock

– Severe immune reaction to antigens, histamine release, generalized vasodilation, increased capillary permeability

atherosclerosis

hardening of arteries contributes 31% of heart attack and stroke Plaques protrude into the lumen and reduce blood flow. c. Serve as sites for thrombus formation d. Plaques form in response to damage done to the endothelium of a blood vessel. e. Caused by smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol

Fibrous atheromatous plaque

* Accumulation of lipids and formation of scar tissue lipid core covered by fibrous plaque thicked intima

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

* Distributes cholesterol to peripheral tissues will build up in artieries

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

* Removes cholesterol from plaques and transports it back to the liver

turbulent flow on atheroscelerosis

LDL will slip under endothelium and form plaque and will build up

Ischemic Heart Disease

plaque build up and reduce blood flow can eventually clog

Transient ischemic attack –

TIA- Temporary circular blockage in cerebrum mild stroke

Stroke-

Death of brain tissue to ischemia (blockage)

* Ischemic stroke

– blockage of a cerebral artery by a thrombus usually the result of atherosclerosis

* Hemorrhagic stroke

– bleeding from a cerebral artery usually caused by an aneurism