ch 15???? Flashcards
antigen presenting cells
dendritic and macrophage
lymph node host what cells
b and t
how many lymph nodes in body
400-600
lymph nodes job
monitor lymph fluid for intruders
kinda does this with a net thingy
afferent lymph vessles
in
efferent lyph vessel
out
thymus location and function
mediastinum
t cell mature and divide,
undergo positive/negative selection (see if they can bind antigen)
spleen
large asf
white pulp- arteries, monitor blood for pathogen
red pulp- veins break down RBC
stores 1/3 of platlets
primary lymph organ
b and t cell mature
secondary lymph organ
where mature b and t cells live in wait
where immune response occurs
red bone marrow matures what
b cells mature here
where are t cells derived from
thymus
innate defenses
born with it
general
adaptive defenses
fight specific pathogen
has memory
innate defense include
surface barriers- skin, mucous
internal defenses- fever, phagocytes
adaptive defenses include
cell mediated responses
antibody response
surface barriers 1 line
physical barriers
chemical barriers- like stomach acid
other responses like vomiting and diarrhea
Lysozyme
chemical barrier found in tears, sweat, saliva (anti-microbial)
complement protein
makes pores in bacteria cell protein
enhance immune responses
promo inflammation, microbe cytolysis, phagocytosis
signs of inflammation
cell get damaged,
emit singlas
stim mast cells- secrete histamine
secrete histamine- make phagocytes migrate to attack
capillary vasodilation
more blood flow
histamine in immune responce causes what reaction
vasodialltion
phagocytes
engulf/destroy pathogens, clean up
cell fragments
what forms macrophages
monocytes will enlarge
infiltrating macrophages
wonder body
tissue resident macrophages
chill in one spot
antigen presenting cells
when do neutrophils become phagocytic
upon encounter with infection material
suicidal
nk cells, natural killers
attack own body’s cells w/ unusual membrane proteins in a non-specific way
NK cell frequency
5-25% of lymphocyte in blood
how do Nk cells attack
they have granules that release perforin that causes cytolysis
release granzyme for apoptosis
release cytokines- to clean up with macrophages
how dose the body know to raise temp
macrophage eat pathogens and release pyrogens
when none left, pyrogens stop releasing to it lowers
CD8
release chem to kill infected cell, send a t cell that killed it to clonal selection for memory and to make more
CD4
helper t cell
help activate b cells
what does cd8 bind
mhc i (all cells have this)
b cells will bind what
bind antigen on surface to mark it for distruction
cytotoxic t cells are activated after
antigen encounter
cytotoxic t cells memory
some stay in lymphatic
some circulate for a long time
cytotoxic t cells effector
travel in blood to cite of infection to kill
helper t cell
rapidly dividing, clonal selection
helper t cell effector
travel in blood to cite of infection
some stay in lymphatic system to help b cells
helper t cell memory
secondary responce??
b cell function
primary encounter
b cell memory
faster more effective?
b cell effector
turn into plasma cell (by secreting antibodies idk)
travel in blood to infection and bind stuff
antigen presenting cells function
phagocytosis
present antigen to MHC II proteins to t cell
dendritic cell location and job
epithelia
present antigen to t cells
other cells that are antigen presenting cell but not as good
macrophages
b lymphocytes
antigen presentation steps
b cell bind shit on surface and brings it in to MCHII
MCHII will bind to t cell receptor (CD4 helps here)
will stay together long enough for t cell to activte
cytotoxic t cell steps
bind to MCHI with CD8,
will actually kill that hoe
Cytotoxic T Cells
only T cells that can directly attack & kill other cells
use mechanisms similar to NK cells
active immunity
activate B/T cells, make memory cells
can be acquired naturally (get sick) or artificially
(vaccine)
passive immunity
have antibodies, but can’t make more (B/T cells not
activated, no memory cells)
antibodies from outside source (e.g. fetus, nursing
infant, antivenom, monoclonal antibody)
short-lived, no memory – fight current infection (not
preventative)
