Ch 9 Flashcards
State the general function of all muscle tissue
State the meaning of the prefixes myo-, mys- and Sarco
List the 4 special characteristics of muscle tissue that allow it to function
List the 4 functions of muscle tissue
State the reason a skeletal muscle is considered an organ
Describe the nerve and blood supply of skeletal muscle
Describe the Superficial fascia connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Describe the Deep fascia connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Describe the Epimysium connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Describe the Perimysium connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Describe the Fascicles connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Describe the Endomysium connective tissue components to include function and tissue
Know the differences between direst and indirect(Tendons and Aponeurosis) types of muscle attachment
Describe the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber. Include the following components:
Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, Myoglobin, Glycosomes, and Myofibrils
Describe the structure of a myofibril
Define Sarcomere
Define Z disc
Define A band
Define I band
Define H zone
Define M line
Identify the contractile proteins of a sarcomere. State the location and function
Identify the regulatory proteins of a sarcomere. State the location and function.
Identify the structural proteins of a sarcomere. State the location and function
Describe the functional components of a thick filament to include the following:
Myosin, ATPase, Motor protein, and Cross-bridges
Describe the functional components of actin thin filament to include the following:
G-actin, Myosin-binding site, Tropomyosin, and Troponin
Identify the two types of intracellular tubules found in association with the sarcomeres
State the specific purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
State the specific purpose of the T-tubules
What is a triad? State the function.
What is the sliding filament model of contraction?
What 3 events must take place before sliding filaments can begin?
Describe the neuromuscular junction.
Define and locate Synapse
Define and locate Neurotransmitter
Define and locate Synaptic cleft
Define and locate Synaptic vesicles
Define and locate Acetylcholine
Define and locate Motor end pate
Define and locate Acetylcholine receptors
Define polarized membrane
Define Depolarization
Define Repolarization
State the events occurring at the neuromuscular junction prior to generation of the action potential
What is an action potential?
What are the 3 steps involved in an action potential
What is the refractory period and when does it occur
What is excitation-contraction coupling? When does it occur
What are the steps of excitation-contraction coupling
What are the 4 steps of the sliding filament contraction cycle
Define Muscle tension
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Define Load
Define isotonic contraction
Define Isometric contraction
Define Myogram
Define Motor unit
Define Muscle twitch
Name the 3 phases of a twitch myogram and state the physiology that takes place
How is a graded muscle response different from a muscle twitch
Define wave summation. What is the primary purpose of wave summation
Describe the difference between unfused (incomplete) tetanus and fused (complete) tetanus
What is muscle tone
Identify four sources of energy (ATP) for muscle contractions. Know the order of usage, location, time for effectiveness and if it is aerobic or anaerobic
Define muscle fatigue. What are possible causes
Name 4 factors that contribute to the force of muscle contraction.
Name 3 factors that contribute to the speed and duration of muscle contraction
Identify the three types of skeletal muscle fibers. Compare the structure and function of each
Explain how muscles adapt to aerobic (endurance) exercise
Explain how muscles adapt to resistance exercise
Describe smooth muscle cells. Include connective tissues
Know the basic arrangements of smooth muscle cells and how contraction impacts the organs
Define Peristalsis and state their significance for smooth muscle function
Define Varicosities and state their significance for smooth muscle function
Define Diffuse junctions and state their significance for smooth muscle function
Define Caveolae and state their significance for smooth muscle function
Know the following unique facts about smooth muscle:
Ca+2 binding regulatory protein –
Dense body network-
Know how Excitation-Contraction Coupling for smooth muscles is different from skeletal muscle
Know and explain the 3 ways in which smooth muscle can be stimulated to contraction:
Neural, Chemical(Hormonal and local chemicals), and Stretch
Identify the type of smooth muscle that is most common and know where is it found
Know the 4 major characteristics of visceral muscle (unitary)
Where can multi-unit smooth muscle be found
How is multi-unit different from unitary smooth muscle
Know Body location, Cell shape, sarcomeres, T-Tubules, Gap junctions, Nerve synapse, Contraction regulated, Ca+2 regulation, pacemaker, and Contraction speed of Skeletal muscle
Know Body location, Cell shape, sarcomeres, T-Tubules, Gap junctions, Nerve synapse, Contraction regulated, Ca+2 regulation, pacemaker, and Contraction speed of Cardiac muscle
Know Body location, Cell shape, sarcomeres, T-Tubules, Gap junctions, Nerve synapse, Contraction regulated, Ca+2 regulation, pacemaker, and Contraction speed of Smooth muscle
Describe the Myasthenia gravis muscle disorders and know the cause
Describe the Muscular dystrophy muscle disorders and know the cause
Describe the Fibromyalgia muscle disorders and know the cause
