Ch. 8.4 End of the War Flashcards
armistice
truce/agreement to stop the fighting. (Nov. 11, 1918 Germany signed armistice)
reparation
payment to cover cost of war. (Germany had to pay $30 billion)
mandate
acquired annexed territories (of Allies after WWI). nation officially governed another nation but did not own it
(a) concentrate
“Germany was now free to CONCENTRATE entirely on the Western Front.”
(a) consistent
“Wilson’s proposals for a just and lasting peace included reaching the peace agreements openly rather than through secret diplomacy; reducing armaments or military forces to a ‘point CONSISTENT with domestic safety’; and ensuring self-determination, the right of each people to have its own nation.”
(a) clause
“They were especially unhappy with Article 231, the so-called War Guilt CLAUSE, which declared that Germany (and Austria) were responsible for starting the war.”
(p) Erich von Ludendorff
guide German military operations. decide to make huge offensive in the west to break stalemate. project launched in March 1918. stopped at Second Battle of the Marne (July 18). failed. informed German leaders of absolute defeat on Sept. 29, 1918.
(p) Friedrich Ebert
led Social Democrats. created a democratic republic. had this gov’t sign the armistice
(p) David Lloyd George
prime minister of GB. want to make Germans pay.
(p) Georges Clemenceau
premier of France. want revenge and national security. want separate Rhineland as buffer state between France and Germany.
(pl) Kiel
northern Germanic city. Nov. 3: sailors mutinied.—>more public pressure made William II abdicate on Nov. 9
(pl) Alsace
returned to France from Germany in Treaty of Versailles
(pl) Lorraine
returned to France from Germany in Treaty of Versailles
(pl) Poland
part of new nations formed from parts of German and Russian Empires and dissolved A-H Empire. nations: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary. (others: Romania, Yugoslavia)
