Ch. 7.1 The Decline of the Qing Dynasty Flashcards
extraterritoriality
practice in which Europeans lived in their own parts of towns. they were not subject to Chinese laws but only theirs.
self-strengthening
policy in which China should adopt Western technology while keeping Confucian values.
spheres of influence
areas where imperial (European) powers had exclusive trading rights
Open Door policy
policy to ensure equal access to Chinese market while preserving China as a nation. American concern for survival of China+interests of American businesses. loosened restrictions on trade and reduced imperialist hysteria
indemnity
payment for damages
(a) decline
“One important reason for the abrupt DECLINE and fall of the Qing dynasty was the intense external pressure applied to Chinese society by the modern West.”
(a) ensure
“In 1899, U.S. secretary of state John Hay presented a proposal to ENSURE equal access to the Chinese market, while preserving China as a nation.”
(p) Hong Xiuquan
Chinese Christian convert. led the Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864). advocate many social reforms. asked people to give up private possessions
(p) Guang Xu
young emperor. launched reform program known as 100 Days of Reform. intend to modernize using Western models. not widely accepted
(p) Empress Dowager Ci Xi
aunt of Guang Xu. opposed new reform program. imprisoned emperor with help of imperial army+ended his reform efforts.
(p) John Hay
U.S. secretary of state. proposed Open Door policy
(pl) Guangzhou
(Canton) European merchants restricted to small trading place here. unhappy
(pl) Chang Jiang
(Yangtze River) Chinese surrender to GB in Opium War when British fleet sailed unopposed up this river
(pl) Hong Kong
island given up to Britain in Treaty of Nanjing (1842) after Opium War
