Ch. 4.1 The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

enclosure movement

Answer 1

Parliament passed laws in 1700s to allow landowners to fence off common lands. many peasants forced to move to towns to find works labor supply

Question 2

capital

Answer 2

ready supply of money. used to invest in industrial machines and factories.

Question 3

entrepreneur

Answer 3

wealthy people who sought business opportunities and ways to make profit

Question 4

cottage industry

Answer 4

production method in rural cottages to make cotton goods.

Question 5

puddling

Answer 5

process in which coke (coal derivative) is used to purify crude iron and make higher quality iron. developed by Henry Cort

Question 6

industrial capitalism

Answer 6

economic system based on manufacturing (and investing in it)

Question 7

socialism

Answer 7

economic system in which society/gov’t owns and controls important parts of economy (ex. factories, utilities) public ownership=more equally distributed wealth

Question 8

(a) dynamic

Answer 8

“A number of factors are necessary in order for this DYNAMIC process of industrialization to occur.”

Question 9

(a) migrate

Answer 9

“Early factory workers MIGRATED from rural areas.”

Question 10

(p) James Watt

Answer 10

Scottish engineer. improved steam engine in 1760s. 1782: allowed steam engine to drive machinery

Question 11

(p) Robert Fulton

Answer 11

American. built first paddle-wheel steamboat, Clermont, 1807