Ch 8 Summary Flashcards
Cancer
abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells;
Malignant tumour
can invade surrounding structures and spread to distant sites via the blood and lymphatic system, producing additional tumours
A malignant cell
divides without regard for normal growth.
As tumours grow,
they produce signs or symptoms that are determined by their location in the body.
Two in five Canadians:
will develop cancer in their lifetime
Lung cancer
kills more people than any other type of cancer. Tobacco smoke is the primary cause.
Five Risk Factors on Cancer:
Smoking
Lack of Fruits & Vegetables
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Alcohol
Hyperplasia
Stages of Tumor Development
Altered cell and its descendants look normal, but continue to reproduce too much.
Dysplasia
Stages of Tumor Development
After additional mutations, the descendants of the altered cells may be abnormal in shape.
Dysplasia may or may not develop into cancer
In Situ Cancer:
Stages of Tumor Development
is diagnosed if the abnormal cells are found only in the location they first formed.
Localized invasive tumor:
Stages of Tumor Development
Abnormal cells may gain the ability to invade nearby tissues
Metastases
Stages of Tumor Development
tumor spreads via the blood or lymphatic vessel to travel to distance parts of the body and establish new tumors.
Lung cancer
kills more people than any other type of cancer (both men and women)
Tobacco smoke is the primary cause.
Diagnosed CT scan or X-ray
Colon and rectal cancer
are linked to age, heredity, obesity, and a diet rich in red meat and low in fruit and vegetables.
Most colon cancers arise from preexisting polyps.
Breast cancer
affects about one in eight women in Canada.
Although breast cancer has a genetic component, diet and hormones are also risk factors.
Diagnosed through mammogram or ultrasound