Ch 8 Quiz Questions Flashcards
mutation
is any change in the normal makeup of a gene.
A malignant tumour of the skin that arises from pigmented cells, most commonly a mole is called
melanoma
When metastasis occurs, which of the following occurs
break away and
can pass through the lining of lymph
or blood vessels to invade nearby tis-
sue
recruit normal cells - modify them - and use them travel to different parts of the body and prepare other sites to receive travelling cancer cells.
travelling and seeding process is called metastasizing
metastasis
the spreading of cancer cells
from one part of the body to another,
primary tumour
the cancer’s
original location
and the new
tumours are called secondary tumours,
At stage __________, a cancer has spread through the blood or lymphatic system to a distant site in the body.
4
Stage 1
Cancer Stages
Tumour is typically small and has not grown outside the organ it started in.
Stage 2 & 3
Cancer Stages
Tumour is larger or has grown outside the organ it started into nearby tissue.
Stage 4
Cancer Stages
The cancer has spread through the blood or lymphatic system to a distant site in the body (metastatic spread).
Stage 0
Cancer Stages
A precancerous change (called carcinoma in situ)
Early detection of prostate cancer can be done using the __________ test.
prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test
In their undamaged form, many oncogenes play a role in controlling or restricting cell growth; these are called __________.
Tumour suppressor genes
Men whose mothers took __________ during pregnancy have an increased risk of undescended testicles and other genital anomalies.
DES (diethylstilbestrol
a synthetic form of estrogen)
Normal cells mutating two cancer cells are called
oncogenes
oncogenes
may play a role in controlling or restricting cell growth
Cancer
Cancer may take the form of a tumour
Cancer has the ability to metastasize
Cancer is a group of diseases
Cancer is a un-controlled growth of cells
Smoking
is responsible for about 85 percent
of lung cancers and for about 30 percent of all cancer deaths
What is the most useful treatment for most cancers?
surgery
polyps
are small, usually harmless, masses of tissue that project from the inner surface of mucous membrane, such as the colon or rectum.
The cancer’s original location is called the __________ tumour.
primary tumour
Screening for the changes in cervical cells that precede cancer is done chiefly by means of the __________ test.
Pap test
Cancers originating from the deepest layers of the skin is called __________ carcinoma.
basal cell carcinoma
Cancer of the
surface layers
of the skin.
squamous cell carcinoma
Carcinomas
arise from epithelia, tissues that cover external body surfaces, line internal tubes and cavities, and form the secreting portion of glands. They are the most common type of cancers;
