Ch. 8: Interviewing, Counseling, and Clinical Communication Intervention

Question 1

Effective Communication Skills

Answer 1

Interviewing and counseling clients
Developing intervention plans
Educating family members
Advocating for services and equipment

Question 2

HIPAA

Answer 2

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
requires that virtually all health care organizations adopt and maintain rigorous standards and procedures to ensure the protection and restriction of client information.
HIPAA can impose severe financial and legal consequences on organizations that fail to keep patient confidentiality.

Question 3

Principles of Effective Communication

Answer 3

Clearly introduce your topic
Avoid using technical language
Avoid vague terms (seemed, appears)
Use person-first language

Question 4

Verbal Communication

Answer 4

Attend to comfort of your client
Be clear about purpose of your discussion
Allow participation from the client in the conversation
Be sensitive & respectful of cultural differences

Question 5

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 5

Body Language
Facial expression
Posture
Eye contact
Gestures
Touch
Physical space

Question 6

Establishing Trust through Rapport

Answer 6

Too often the communication problem becomes the immediate focus rather than the people with whom we are interacting. A social greeting enables clinicians and clients to begin the journey as co- equal participants in a shared process, and helps to establish a social and personal foundation. Before we can respect and respond to each other’s roles and responsibility as clients or clinicians within the clinical process, we must first value each other as people. The importance of establishing positive rapport cannot be overstated.
-Shapiro (1999)

Question 7

Addressing Clients & Families

Answer 7

Address clients and family members in a formal manner, using titles and surnames unless invited to be less formal.
Refrain from using nicknames or “pet names” (sweetie, pops, honey) with clients as names that seem cute and loving to one person may be demeaning to another.

Question 8

Cultural Differences

Answer 8

Cultural expectations of gender
Cultural use of personal space/touching
Honor/shame culture vs. guilt culture
Language differences

Question 9

Professional Boundaries

Answer 9

Watch your personal space, eye contact, touch, behaviors
Keep the expression of your personal feelings to a minimum
Refer client for further support if necessary

Question 10

Transference

Answer 10

the counselor becomes the object for, target of, and the symbol of the client’s emotional expressions

Question 11

Case History Questionnaires

Answer 11

Will vary with type of patient/problem.
Will be tailored to your chosen work environment.
Be sensitive to the “intimidation factor” of filling out complicated, unfamiliar forms….especially if the client/family may be experiencing limited reading ability, poor eyesight, second language limitations, lack of computer-ease, etc.

Question 12

Question Format

Answer 12

think about the person you will be interviewing and the information you need to gain from the meeting.
Once you know these two variables you can begin to plan the types of questions you will ask and the order in which you will present them to maximize your results
It’s all about “Control”

Question 13

Open-ended questions

Answer 13

initiates interview
allows client more control in establishing direction interview
Expresses issues that he/she holds as priorities
encourage the client to be an active participant

Question 14

Closed-ended questions

Answer 14

narrow range of responses
elicit more specific info
allows interviewer to regain more control

Question 15

Yes/No Questions

Answer 15

confirm or deny statements

allows client no control over intent or direction

Question 16

Therapy Paper Trail (Child)

Answer 16

• Referral (M.D., Teacher, parent, self) – Intake form (most basic info) → Appt (time and place) → Case History – Case History Form, interview, ask for previous records → Formal Eval – Protocols & checklist→ Conference (share the info) → Score report – Test forms, eval report → Formal Conference → Recommendations – Referral letters, IEP

Question 17

Therapy Paper Trail (Elderly)

Answer 17

Intake form, Consent → Evaluation – Test results, Protocols, Checklists, Evl report, Case history → Feedback – IEP, IFSP, Multidisc. Team → Therapy – Progress Notes (Broad; POC change), SOAP Notes (Quick) → Review – Progress note, parent letter → D/C – Family notification, Discharge Summary (Wrap–up: met goals, not making progress, age, failure to attend, medically fragile, COC, death)

Question 18

Gathering Clinical Information

Answer 18

Try to access previous records to:
Provide accurate case history reports
Avoid repeating tests/over-evaluating
Be more efficient/thorough with your time
Collaborate with professionals also working with your client

Question 19

Long-term Goals

Answer 19

Broad
Written in functional terms
Directly related to client success in everyday activities

Question 20

Short term objectives

Answer 20

Targeted behavior
conditions
measurable criteria

Question 21

SOAP Notes

Answer 21

DOCUMENTS SUMMARIZING THE CLINICIAN’S OBSERVATIONS REGARDING A CLIENT’S LEVEL OF ATTENTION AND PARTICIPATION IN THERAPY (SUBJECTIVE)
SPECIFIC DATA REGARDING PERFORMANCE ON THERAPY TASKS (OBJECTIVE)
INTERPRETATION OF THOSE SUBJECTIVE OBSERVATIONS AND OBJECTIVE DATA (ASSESSMENT)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTION BASED ON THAT INTERPRETATION (PLAN)

Question 22

Progress Notes

Answer 22

Summary of patient’s cumulative progress toward achieving targeted intervention goals and recommendations regarding the need for continuing therapy

Question 23

Discharge Summary

Answer 23

Summary of patient’s cumulative progress and explanation of why this patient’s speech-language services are coming to an end