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PSYC 462 > CH. 8 GABA > Flashcards

CH. 8 GABA Flashcards

1
Q

what does GABA stand for

A

gama-aminobutyric acid

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2
Q

what is GABA’s function

A

primary inhibitory transmitter in the brain

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3
Q

what is another example of and inhibitory transmitter? where was it found?

A

glycine
back of the brain

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4
Q

what neurons use GABA?

A

medium spiny neurons in striatum
basal ganglia in general
projection neurons intermixed within monoamine cell groups
interneurons

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5
Q

what is the main role of GABA transmission

A

filter information and regulate firing patterns
disinhibition

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6
Q

what can happen to the body with reduced GABA activity?

A

seizures

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7
Q

what is an example of a disinhibition connection in the brain

A

pallidum is always firing GABAergic signals to motor region
ventral striatum activation sends GABA signal to pallidum, allowing for activation of motor region

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8
Q

what is the precursor to GABA

A

glutamate

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9
Q

what is the enzyme that synthesizes glutamate to GABA

A

glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)

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10
Q

what is the enzyme that moves GABA into vesicles?

A

vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)

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11
Q

true or false; some vesicles contain varying amounts of GABA and another NT

A

true

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12
Q

what is GAT1 through 3

A

GABA’s reuptake transporter

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13
Q

what GABA reuptake transporter is found on the presynaptic terminal?

A

GAT-1

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14
Q

what GABA reuptake transporter is found on the astrocytes?

A

all three (GAT1-3)

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15
Q

what is the glial reuptake process of GABA

A

metabolized to glutamate and succinate
metabolized back to glutamine
released by astrocyte back to the presynapse

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16
Q

what enzyme metabolizes GABA to glutamate?

A

GABA aminotranferase (GABA-T)

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17
Q

what are the two main type of GABA receptors?

A

GABA-A
GABA-B

18
Q

what kind of receptor is GABA-A

A

ionotropic

19
Q

what does the GABA-A receptor do?

A

opens when activated
allows inflow of Cl-
hyperpolarizes the cell

20
Q

how many subunits do GABA-A receptors have?

A

5, different combinations of 4 different types

21
Q

what kinds of sites do GABA-A receptors have

A

GABA binding site
inside channel pore
allosteric binding site
neurosteroids binding site

22
Q

agonist that binds to the GABA binding site

A

muscimol

23
Q

what is muscimol

A

psychedelic mushrooms

24
Q

Competitive antagonist that binds to the GABA binding site

A

bicuculline

25
Q

non-competitive antagonist that binds to inside of channel pore

A

picrotoxin

26
Q

what does picrotoxin do? what is the effect?

A

physically blocks the ion pore channel
induces seizures

27
Q

positive allosteric modulator that sticks to the allosteric binding site of the GABA-A receptor

A

benzodiazepine (BDZ)
barbituates

28
Q

BDZ drug example

A

diazepam

29
Q

store name for diazepam

A

valium

30
Q

barbituate example

A

phenobarbitol

31
Q

BDZ effects

A

reduces anxiety
sleep/sedation
reduces REM sleep

32
Q

what molecule acts as a similar way to BDZ but binds in a different spot on the GABA-A receptor?

A

neurosteroids

33
Q

what other molecule can bind at the BDZ site? what is it’s effect?

A

inverse agonist
impedes effects of GABA on the channel

34
Q

what kind of receptor is the GABA-B receptor?

A

metabotropic

35
Q

how many subunits does the GABA-B receptor have?

A

2

36
Q

how does the GABA-B receptor work on the postsynapse

A

opens K+ channel and inhibiting cAMP formation

37
Q

what is the function of GABA-B receptors on the presynapse?

A

autoreceptors and heteroreceptors

38
Q

GABA-B receptor agonist

A

baclofen

39
Q

baclofen function

A

muscle relaxant
experimental alcoholism treatment

40
Q

GABA-B receptor antagonist

A

saclofen

41
Q

saclofen function

A

convulsant used in research

PSYC 462 (11 decks)

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