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PSYC 462 > CH. 7 Acetylcholine > Flashcards

CH. 7 Acetylcholine Flashcards

1
Q

ACh function in the PNS

A

used at neuromuscular junctions by the parasympathetic NS

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2
Q

ACh function in the CNS

A

enervate cortical/subcortical regions
interneurons in the striatum

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3
Q

presursor to ACh

A

choline
acetyl CoA

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4
Q

enzyme that catalyzes ACh

A

choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

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5
Q

what regulates rate of ACh synthesis

A

precursor availability from diet
rate of cell firing

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6
Q

protein that packages ACh

A

vesicular ACh transporters (VAChT)

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7
Q

vesamicol function and effect

A

blocks VAChT, reduces ACh

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8
Q

naturally occurring toxins that affect ACh release

A

black widow spider venom
botulinium toxin

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9
Q

how does black widow spider venom work

A

causes massive release of ACh in the PNS
muscle pain, tremors, vomiting, salivation, sweating

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10
Q

how does botox work

A

inhibits ACh release in the neuromuscular junction
causes muscular paralysis

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11
Q

how is ACh degradation different from other NTs?

A

ACh does not undergo reuptake and is degraded in the synapse
choline then has reuptake to presynapse

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12
Q

what enzyme degrades ACh

A

acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

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13
Q

where is AChE located

A

post synaptic membrane

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14
Q

hemicholinium function and effect

A

blocks choline transporters
reduces Ach production rate

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15
Q

physostigmine function and effect

A

crosses BBB and blocks AChE
increases effects of ACh

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16
Q

what does physostigmine treat

A

cognitive decline due to alzeihmer’s

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17
Q

compounds that irreversibly inhibit AChE

A

insecticides
nerve gases

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18
Q

what is an example of a nerve gas?

A

sarin

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19
Q

what happens with an accumulation of ACh

A

overstimulates cholinergic synapses leading to muscle paralysis

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20
Q

what are the subtypes of ACh receptors

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

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21
Q

what kind of receptor are niscotinic receptors

A

ionotropic

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22
Q

what are nicotinic receptors function

A

opens channel to allow Na and Ca depolarization

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23
Q

how many subunit do nicotinic receptors have

A

5

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24
Q

what are the two ways that nicotinic receptors respond to continuous activation?

A

receptor desensitization
depolarization block

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25
what is happening during nicotinic receptor desensitization?
changes sensitivity of individual receptors so they remained closed when bound to agonist
26
what is happening during nicotinic receptor depolarization block?
persistent depolarization allows for no new APs
27
what must occur for a depolarization block to be removed
agonist is removed membrane repolarizes
28
nicotinic agonist
succinylcholine
29
succinylcholine treatment
muscle relaxant in surgical procedures
30
how does succinylcholine work?
resistant to breakdown by AChE so it continually stimulates nicotinic receptors causing depolarization block
31
nicotinic antagonists
mecamylamine D-tubocurarine
32
mecamylanine function
blocks nicotinic receptors in CNS and autonomic ganglia
33
D-tubocurarine function
blocks mucles nicotine receptors
34
what other function does increased nicotine transmission show
improved attention
35
what kind of receptor are muscarinic receptors?
metabotropic
36
muscarinic receptor function
respond to muscarine operate via second messenger systems enhance K+ channel opening
37
what kind of muscarinic receptors are there
M1-M5
38
whicch muscarinic receptors are found in the periphery?
M2 M3
39
which muscarininc receptor acts as an autoreceptor
M2
40
M2 function in the periphery
cardiac slows heart rate
41
M3 function in the periphery
contracts smooth muscle mediates secretory responses
42
what causes dry mouth side effects in drugs used to treat psychiatric disorder
blocking of peripheral muscarinic receptors
43
muscarinic agonist
pilocarpine
44
pilocarpine function
parasympathomimetic agent to initate secretions
45
what happens during policarpine poisoning
SLUDGE
46
what does SLUDGE stanf for?
salivation lacrimation urination diarrhea gastrointestinal distress emesis
47
muscarinic antagonists
atropine scopolamine
48
what is atropine used for
dilate pupils reduce secretions clogging airway counteract cholinergic poisoning
49
what are atropine's central effects?
drowsiness euphoria amnesia fatigue dreamless sleep
50
where are the main areas where cholinergic cell bodies cluster
striatum dorsolateral pons basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS)
51
what receptor mediates most central actions of ACh?
M1
52
striatum role in ACh
cholinergic interneurons regulates movement with dopamine interactions
53
what is an alternative parkinson's treatment instead of L-DOPA? how does it work?
anticholinergic drugs lowers ACh activation to reset DA/ACh balance
54
dorsolateral pons role in ACh
project to and excite midbrain DA neurons DA reinforcement regulate busrt-pattern firing
55
what types of receptors activate the postsynapse in DA neuron activation?
nicotinic M5
56
BFCS role in ACh
enervate cortex for higher order cognition
57
ACh functions
attention DA reinforcement burst-firiing movement regulation
58
how was attention measured in mice undergoing ACh function manipulation?
signal detection task
59
what is the signal detection task
task where rat must press lever depending on if they saw a signal or not correct response gets a reward
60
what happens to ACh amounts when performing attention tasks?
ACh in frontal cortex increases
61
what happened to mice with BFCS lesions?
could not maintain attention to signal less correct lever responses no effect on correct rejections

PSYC 462 (11 decks)

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