Ch. 4 Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology Flashcards
advantages of animal studies
full control of living conditions, genetic background, etc
research methods that are unethical with human
generalization between human and non human mammals
test definition
measure specific physiological, emotional, cognitive etc. processes
example of a test and what it study’s
water maze, measures spatial memory
what can we study using tests
how a drug may affect a particular behaviour
animal model definition
some manipulation in the animal causes some cellular/functinoal change seen in a disease
true or false; animal models tend to focus on a particular observed symptom rather than an entire disease?
true
what can we study using animal models
difference between healthy and sick population
drugs that alleviate symptoms
two different lesion techniques
permanent lesions
reversible lesions
how are permanent lesions made
aspiration
radiofrequency
excitotoxic
how do excitotoxins work
glutamate agonsists that over-excites and selectively kills neurons in brain region
what is an example of excitotoxins?
kainic acid
ibotenic acid
how do reversible lesions work
drug infused intracranially suppresses neural activity for a time
what can we study using lesions?
function of a specific brain region and how it effects behaviour
what can study using neurotoxins
identify role of neurotransmitter in particular behaviour
what do neurotoxins do?
targets a type of neurotransmitter and destroys it and the terminal that contains it
neurotoxin that destroys DA and NE
6-OHDA
neurotoxin that destroys 5-HT
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
neurotoxin that destroys Ach
192lgG-saporin
how do implanted macroelectrodes work
electrical stimulation cause APs and NT release
what can we study using implanted macroelectrodes
whether activastion of a neruon region leads to certain patterns of behaviour
what techniques in neuropharmacology are vivo measures
microdialysis
intracellular patch/clamp
extracellular
what techniques in neuropharmacology are brain manipulations
stereotaxic lesions
neurotoxins
what does microdialysis measure
NT release in specific brain region while behaviour is occuring
how does microdialysis work
artificial CSF pumped in at precise site
CSF pumped out and molecules in it diffuse into test tube through semi permeable membrane