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PSYC 462 > CH. 5 Dopamine > Flashcards

CH. 5 Dopamine Flashcards

1
Q

where are most of catecholamine cell groups located

A

midbrain

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2
Q

which dopamine cell groups are noradrenergic

A

A1-A7

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3
Q

which catecholamine cell groups are dopaminergic?

A

A8-A17

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4
Q

what are the three main dopamine pathways?

A

nigrostriatal
mesolimbic
mesocortical

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5
Q

nigrostatial pathway

A

A9 axons
orginate in substancia nigra
extend to dorsal striatum

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6
Q

what is the nigrostriatal pathway’s role? how does it do this?

A

facilitates voluntary movement
represses irrelevant actions, promotes needed actions

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7
Q

what happens to people who have damage/dysfunction in the nigrostriatal pathway?

A

Parkinson’s disease
subconscious decision on how to properly move is taken away

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8
Q

what neurotoxins can be used to damage the nigrostriatal pathway?

A

6-OHDA
MPTP

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9
Q

mesolimbic pathway

A

A10 cell group
originates in ventral tegmental area
extends to nucleus accumbens and amygdala

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10
Q

mesolimbic pathway role? how does it do it?

A

reward and motivational functions
forward movement towards/away from motivationally relevant stimuli

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11
Q

mesocortical pathway

A

A10 cell group
originates in VTA
extends to frontal cortex
D1 receptors more expressed than D2

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12
Q

what is the mesocortical pathways’ role? how does it do this?

A

modulation of cognitive functions
uses memories to inform actions in good/bad situations
works well only within optimum DA range

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13
Q

how many DA receptors are there?

A

D1-D5

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14
Q

what kind of receptors are the DA receptors

A

all metabotropic

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15
Q

which recpetors are in the D1-like family?

A

D1, D5

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16
Q

which receptors aretin the D2-like family?

A

D2, D3, D4

17
Q

what does D1 activation lead to?

A

adenylyl cyclase
cAMP synthesis

18
Q

what does D2 activation lead to?

A

cAMP inhibition
opposite of D1

19
Q

what is the prevalence of D1 and D2 in different brain regions?

A

found in all brain regions receiving DA innervation
separate populations within the region may be one or the other

20
Q

what separate roles can D2 receptors play on the same cell?

A

autoreceptor
postsynaptic receptor

21
Q

what affect to D2 antagonists have on D2 receptors?

A

increase DA release by blocking autoreceptor
reduce DA signalling on the postsynapse

22
Q

which DA receptor has a higher affinity to DA and by how much? what does this mean?

A

D2 receptor has 5x more affinity
higher concentrations of DA are needed to activate D1

23
Q

what kind of receptors are DA receptors found on glutamate/GABA terminals? what is their function?

A

heteroreceptors
modulates transmission of glutamate/GABA

24
Q

D1/D2 agonist

A

apomorphine

25
Q

apomorphine effect

A

increases locomotion
regulateDA function in parkinson’s when L-DOPA is not effective

26
Q

D1/D2 antagonist

A

flupenthixol

27
Q

flupenthixol effects at low and high dose

A

low dose; reduces motivation
high dose; catalepsy

28
Q

what is catalepsy

A

lack of spontaneous movement

29
Q

how selective are DA receptor drugs between and within families?

A

good selectivity between families
bad selectivity within family

30
Q

example of a drug with selectivity high between-family but low within-family? which family does it select for? antagonist or agonist?

A

haloperidol
D2-like family
antagonist

31
Q

experiment showing behavioural supersensitivity

A

control receives saline injections daily
experimental receives haloperidol (D2 antagonist) injections daily
both receive AMPH (DA agonist)
early; hal blocks AMPH effect
middle; hal does not block AMPH effect
weened off hal; AMPH has greater effect then on control
long term use increases D2 receptor density therefore making the cells more sensitive

PSYC 462 (11 decks)

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