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PSYC 462 > CH. 6 Serotonin > Flashcards

CH. 6 Serotonin Flashcards

1
Q

how is serotonin system wired

A

cell bodies in the raphe nucleus (B7, B8)
axon projections similar to NE, more than DA

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2
Q

what type of monoamine is serotonin

A

indolamine

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3
Q

how is serotonin synthesized

A

tryptophan becomes 5-HTP
5-HTP becomes 5-HT (serotonin)

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4
Q

what enzyme converts tryptophan to 5-HTP

A

tryptophan hydroxylase

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5
Q

what enzyme converts 5-HTP to 5-HT?

A

AADC

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6
Q

what other NT does AADC enzyme work on?

A

dopamine

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7
Q

what types of cells is tryptophan hydroxylase found in?

A

only serotonergic ones

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8
Q

what does PCPA do?

A

irreveresibly inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase to prevent 5-HT synthesis

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9
Q

which step in serotonin synthesis is the rate limiting one?

A

tryptophan to 5-HTP vua tryptophan hydroxylase

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10
Q

what is 5HT synthesis dependent on? why?

A

the ratio of tryptophan to other amino acids in the blood
they use the same transporter across the BBB so they compete for it

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11
Q

how can you indirectly reduce 5TH synthesis?

A

by giving aa cocktail not containing tryptophan

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12
Q

what kind of diet would increase tryptophan ratio in the blood? why?

A

high carb
increased insulin removes aas except tryptophan from blood for protein synthesis

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13
Q

what kind of diet would decrease tryptophan ratio in the blood? why?

A

high protein
liver activation starts protein synthesis who mainly use tryptophan

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14
Q

what behavioural effects can reducing serotonin have

A

depression remission
impaired impulse control

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15
Q

vesicle transporter protein for 5HT

A

VMAT2

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16
Q

what kind of autoreceptors does serotonin have? what do they effect?

A

presynaptic- reduce 5HT vesicle release
somatodendritic- slow firing rate

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17
Q

how is 5HT removed from the synapse?

A

by serotonin reuptake transporter

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18
Q

what is the metabolite of 5HT

A

5-HIAA

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19
Q

what enzyme metabolizes 5HT?

A

MAO

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20
Q

what drugs work like amphetamines but are more selective for serotonin? how are they similar to amphetamines?

A

fenfluramine
MDMA
reverse reuptake transporters

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21
Q

fenfluramine effect

A

appetite surpression
cardiovascular effects

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22
Q

MDMA use/effects

A

recreational drug
euphoria
therapeutic for PTSD

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23
Q

what do SSRIs do?

A

blocks SERT

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24
Q

example of an SSRI

A

fluoxetine

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25
Q

what are SSRIs treatment function?

A

antidepressants

26
Q

how many 5HT receptor sub types are there? how many families?

A

14
7

27
Q

which receptor familiy is not metabotropic?

A

3

28
Q

what is the selectivity of available drugs like on serotonin receptors?

A

selective across families, non-selective within families

29
Q

what is 5HT1a receptors function?

A

inhibits cAMP
hyperpolarizes cell (increase opening of K+ channels

30
Q

where in the brain are 5HT1a receptors postsynaptic?

A

forebrain regions

31
Q

where in the brain are 5HT1a receptors somatodendritic autoreceptors?

A

raphe nucleus

32
Q

5HT1a receptors agonists

A

8-OHDPAT
Buspirone

33
Q

what 5HT1a receptor agonist is a full agonist?

A

8-OHDPAT

34
Q

what 5HT1a receptor agonist is a partial agonist?

A

buspirone

35
Q

what do 5HT1a receptor agonists do?

A

stimulate postynapse
reduce 5HT release

36
Q

5HT1a receptor antagonist

A

WAY-100635

37
Q

5-HT1b/d receptor function

A

presynaptic autoreceptor

38
Q

5-HT2a receptor function

A

postsynape receptor activating the phosphoinositide 2nd messenger system

39
Q

what other receptor is the 5-HT2a receptor similar to?

A

a1 adrenergic receptor

40
Q

5-HT2a receptor agonist

A

DOI

41
Q

DOI effect

A

hallucinogenic

42
Q

5-HT2a receptor antagonist

A

ketanserin

43
Q

what is the general overall function of serotonin

A

to surpress certain patterns of behaviour

44
Q

how to investigate serotonin function in humans

A

compare CSF 5-HIAA metabolites with traits/disorders
response to receptor agonists/antagonists, SSRIs
correlate disorders and SERT/5-HT receptor genetic polymorphisms

45
Q

how to investigate serotonin function in animals

A

lesion 5-HT neurons
KO different 5HT receptors
delete 5-HT producing enzyme
psychopharmacological studies

46
Q

studied functions of serotonin

A

satiety
anxiety
aggression
impulsivity

47
Q

serotonin’s role in hunger

A

acts as short term satiety signal
increases as we eat

48
Q

what brain area is serotonin using to affect hunger

A

disinhibits paraventricular hypothalamus neurons

49
Q

what causes hypophagia

A

SSRIs
5HT releasers
5HT1b/2c receptor agonists

50
Q

how do SSRIs shift hunger

A

reduce food consumed per meal
shift preference away from fatty foods

51
Q

what causes hyperphasia

A

reducing 5-HT release
5HT1a agonists (autoreceptor)

52
Q

how does 5-HT1a postynaptic receptor affect anxiety

A

activation reduces anxiety

53
Q

what does buspirone treat

A

anxiety

54
Q

how do 5HT2a/2c receptors affect anxiety

A

increases anxiety

55
Q

what brain region is 5HT modulating for stress?

A

BNST

56
Q

how does serotonin affect aggression?

A

low serotonin increases aggression

57
Q

how is aggression tested in animals

A

resident-intruder paradigm

58
Q

what role do 5HT1a/b receptors have on aggression

A

reduce aggression through actions on the postsynapse

59
Q

how does serotonin affect impulsivity

A

controls ability to put the brake on impulsive responses

60
Q

what receptor is responsible for reducing impulsivity

A

5HT2c

PSYC 462 (11 decks)

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