Ch 8: Covalent Bonding

Question 1

What is a bond that holds non-metal atoms together with other non-metal atoms?

Answer 1

Covalent bond

Question 2

Which compounds have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds?

Answer 2

Molecular compounds

Question 3

Covalent compounds are made of a ______ ____ of electrons, of only ___-______.

Answer 3

shared pair

non-metals

Question 4

_______ _____ hold covalent compounds together.

Answer 4

Covalent bonds

Question 5

A _________ _______ shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.

Answer 5

molecular formula

Question 6

In covalent bonds, when does electron sharing usually occur?

Answer 6

When atoms attain the electron configurations of noble gases.

Question 7

Atoms ____, ____, or _____ electrons until stable. Need _.

Answer 7

gain
lose
share
8

Question 8

Metals lose _________ electrons.

Answer 8

outermost

Question 9

___-______ gain ____ to make 8.

Answer 9

Non-metals

more

Question 10

An ________ ___ _________ such as H:H represents the shared pair of electrons of the ________ bond by two ____.

Answer 10

electron dot diagram
covalent
dots

Question 11

What is the purpose of dot diagrams?

Answer 11

To understand the bonding in a compound and to use valance electrons as dots.

Question 12

What number step is this (for making dot diagrams)?

“Find the sum of the valence electrons.”

Answer 12

1

Question 13

What number step is this (for making dot diagrams)?
“Arrange the atoms with bonds between them (atoms that need more electrons are usually in the center). Connect the atoms with a dash.”

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How many electrons are represented by each bond in an electron dot diagram?

Answer 14

2 electrons

Question 15

What number step is this (for making dot diagrams)?

“Distribute remaining electrons to satisfy the Octet rule (except with exceptions).”

Answer 15

3

Question 16

If there are not enough electrons to go around in an electron dot diagram, what do you do?

Answer 16

Try double or triple bonds.

Question 17

Atoms form ______ or ______ covalent bonds if they can attain a noble gas structure by sharing ___ or _____ pairs of electrons.

Answer 17

double or triple

two or three

Question 18

Where does the shared electron pair come from in a coordinate covalent bond?

Answer 18

It comes from one of the bonding atoms.

Question 19

What does a large bond dissociation energy correspond to?

Answer 19

A strong covalent bond.

Question 20

The actual bonding of oxygen atoms in ozone is a ______, or mixture, of the extremes represented by the _________ forms.

Answer 20

hybrid

resonance

Question 21

The nitrate ion, benzene, and the acetate ion are all examples of what?

Answer 21

Resonance

Question 22

If the double bond could have alternate positions or work in multiple places, what is to be suspected?

Answer 22

Resonance

Question 23

The _____ rule cannot be satisfied in molecules whose total numbers of _______ electrons is an ___ number.
There are also molecules in which an atom has _____, or ____, than a complete octet of valence electrons.

Answer 23

octet
valence
odd
fewer
more

Question 24

What are some exceptions to the octet rule?

Answer 24

(Stable with less) Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Transition metals.
(Stable with more) Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine.

Question 25

If there are an odd number of electrons when drawing an electron dot diagram, what do you do with the extra electron?

Answer 25

Put the extra electron on top of the bond, between the two electrons.

Question 26

Just as an atomic orbital belongs to a particular atom, a molecular orbital belongs to a ________ as a whole.

Answer 26

molecule

Question 27

According to VSEPR theory, the _________ between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron pairs stay as ___ _____ as possible.

Answer 27

Repulsion

Far apart

Question 28

What provides information about molecular bonding and molecular shape?

Answer 28

Orbital hybridization

Question 29

The more electronegative atom attracts electrons more ________ and gains a slightly ________ charge.
The less electronegative atom has a slightly ________ charge.

Answer 29

Strongly
Negative

Positive

Question 30

When polar molecules are placed between oppositely charged plates, they tend to become oriented with respect to the ________ and ________ ______.

Answer 30

Positive and negative plates

Question 31

Melting a network solid would require breaking what throughout the solid.

Answer 31

Covalent bonds