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Chemistry > Ch 11: Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Ch 11: Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you write a word equation?

A

Write the names of the reactants on the left of the arrow separated by a plus sign; write the names of the products to the right of the arrow, also separated by a plus sign.

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2
Q

Which symbol is used to separate two reactants or two products?

A

+

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3
Q

Which symbol separates reactants from products?

A

–>

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4
Q

Which symbol designates a solid state?

A

(s)

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5
Q

Which symbol designates a liquid state?

A

(l)

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6
Q

Which symbol designates a gaseous state?

A

(g)

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7
Q

Which symbol designates an aqueous state?

A

(aq)

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8
Q

Which symbol indicates heat is supplied to the reaction?

A

–> w/triangle

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9
Q

Which symbol indicates a formula’s use as a catalyst?

A

The formula written above or below the –>

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10
Q

Which symbol indicates light is added?

A

–> w/hv

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11
Q

Which symbol indicates electrical energy is added?

A

–> w/elec

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12
Q

Where do you write the formulas for the reactants?

A

To the left of the yields sign.

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13
Q

Where do you write the formulas for the products?

A

To the right of the yields sign.

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14
Q

What are the numbers in front of an equation called? What do you do with them

A

Coefficients

Multiply the formula by it.

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15
Q

What is the first step in writing a balanced equation?

A

Writing the skeleton equation first.

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16
Q

What is the second step in writing a balanced equation?

A

Use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.

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17
Q

If you are given the words of an equation, first, then

A

Write the equation out.

Then, add coefficients to balance.

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18
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: determine the correct formulas for all the _________ and ________.

A

reactants and products

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19
Q

What is on the lefts of the yields sign?

A

Reactants

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20
Q

What is on the right of the yields sign?

A

Products

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21
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: write the ________ ________ by placing the formulas for the _________on the left and the formulas for the ________ on the right with a _____ ____ (–>) in between. If two or more reactants or products are involved, separate their formulas with ____ _____.

A 
skeleton equation
reactants
products
yields sign
plus signs
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22
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: determine the number of _____ of each element in the reactants and products. Count a __________ ___ as a single unit if it appears unchanged on both sides of the equation.

A

atoms

polyatomic ion

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23
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: balance the elements ___ at a time by using ____________. When no coefficient is written, it is assumed to be _. Begin by balancing elements that appear only ____ on each side of the equation. Never balance an equation by changing the __________ in a chemical formula. Each _________ has only one correct formula.

A 
one
coefficients
1
once
subscripts
substance
24
Q

What is a subscript?

A

Tells how many atoms there are of an element.

25
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: check each ____ or __________ ___ to be sure they are _____ on both sides of the equation.

A

atom
polyatomic ion
equal

26
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

27
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: make sure all ____________ are in the ______possible ratio.

A

coefficients

lowest

28
Q

What are the five general types of reaction?

A
  1. combination
  2. decomposition
  3. single-replacement
  4. double-replacement
  5. combustion
29
Q

Reaction formula: A + B –> AxBy

A

Combination

30
Q

Reaction formula: AxBy –>w/heat A + B

A

Decomposition

31
Q

Reaction formula: A + BC –> AC + B

A

Single-replacement

32
Q

Reaction formula: AB + CD –> AD + CB

A

Double-replacement

33
Q

Reaction formula: Fuel + O2 –> CO2 + H20

A

Combustion

34
Q

What is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products?

A

The number of elements and/or compounds reacting.

35
Q

What are the ions that are unchanged in a reaction, the ions that are just “watching?”

A

Spectator ions

36
Q

What is the equation that excludes the spectator ions; it contains just the part that changed?

A

Net ionic equation

37
Q

How can you predict the formation of a precipitate?

A

Using the general rules for solubility of ionic compounds.

38
Q

What does it mean to be soluble?

A

It can be dissolved (most of the time in water, but in other substances too).

39
Q

What happens when ionic compounds are dissolved in water?

A

The ions become hydrated.

40
Q

What happens when an ion becomes hydrated (in water)?

A

The positive end of the water goes with the anion, and the negative end of the ion goes with the cation.

41
Q

What does it mean to be insoluble?

A

It cannot be dissolved; it stays separate.

42
Q

What is holding the maximum amount it can hold; cannot hold anymore, under these conditions?

A

Saturated

43
Q

What is not holding the maximum amount; it can hold more?

A

Unsaturated

44
Q

Why do precipitates sometimes form from aqueous solutions of ions?

A

The saturation point is not enough to hold the contents of the precipitate; one of the substances of the substances has exceeded the saturation point.

45
Q

What phase are precipitates?

A

Solids

46
Q

Ions are _____ into place and the conductivity _________.

A

locked

decreases

47
Q

Which symbol is used in place of –> for reversible reactions?

A

Arrow that goes both ways.

48
Q

What is an activity series?

A

Lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity.

49
Q

How do you determine the degree of polarity of a bond?

A

Electronegativity

50
Q

What type of heat is involved in a synthesis/combination reaction?

A

Exothermic

51
Q

What type of heat is involved in a decomposition reaction?

A

Endothermic

52
Q

What is the formula for Copper (III) Nitrate?

A

Cu(NO3)2

53
Q

What is the formula for Sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

54
Q

When naming acids, the prefix Hydro- is used with anions that end in…

A

-ide

55
Q

What is meant by complete combustion?

A

CO2 is a product.

Chemistry (19 decks)

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