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Chemistry > Ch 11: Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Ch 11: Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

How do you write a word equation?

A

Write the names of the reactants on the left of the arrow separated by a plus sign; write the names of the products to the right of the arrow, also separated by a plus sign.

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2
Q

Which symbol is used to separate two reactants or two products?

A

+

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3
Q

Which symbol separates reactants from products?

A

–>

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4
Q

Which symbol designates a solid state?

A

(s)

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5
Q

Which symbol designates a liquid state?

A

(l)

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6
Q

Which symbol designates a gaseous state?

A

(g)

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7
Q

Which symbol designates an aqueous state?

A

(aq)

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8
Q

Which symbol indicates heat is supplied to the reaction?

A

–> w/triangle

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9
Q

Which symbol indicates a formula’s use as a catalyst?

A

The formula written above or below the –>

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10
Q

Which symbol indicates light is added?

A

–> w/hv

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11
Q

Which symbol indicates electrical energy is added?

A

–> w/elec

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12
Q

Where do you write the formulas for the reactants?

A

To the left of the yields sign.

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13
Q

Where do you write the formulas for the products?

A

To the right of the yields sign.

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14
Q

What are the numbers in front of an equation called? What do you do with them

A

Coefficients

Multiply the formula by it.

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15
Q

What is the first step in writing a balanced equation?

A

Writing the skeleton equation first.

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16
Q

What is the second step in writing a balanced equation?

A

Use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.

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17
Q

If you are given the words of an equation, first, then

A

Write the equation out.

Then, add coefficients to balance.

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18
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: determine the correct formulas for all the _________ and ________.

A

reactants and products

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19
Q

What is on the lefts of the yields sign?

A

Reactants

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20
Q

What is on the right of the yields sign?

A

Products

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21
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: write the ________ ________ by placing the formulas for the _________on the left and the formulas for the ________ on the right with a _____ ____ (–>) in between. If two or more reactants or products are involved, separate their formulas with ____ _____.

A 
skeleton equation
reactants
products
yields sign
plus signs
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22
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: determine the number of _____ of each element in the reactants and products. Count a __________ ___ as a single unit if it appears unchanged on both sides of the equation.

A

atoms

polyatomic ion

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23
Q

Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: balance the elements ___ at a time by using ____________. When no coefficient is written, it is assumed to be _. Begin by balancing elements that appear only ____ on each side of the equation. Never balance an equation by changing the __________ in a chemical formula. Each _________ has only one correct formula.

A 
one
coefficients
1
once
subscripts
substance
24
Q

What is a subscript?

A

Tells how many atoms there are of an element.

25
Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: check each ____ or __________ ___ to be sure they are _____ on both sides of the equation.
atom polyatomic ion equal
26
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
27
Rules for Writing and Balancing Equations: make sure all ____________ are in the ______possible ratio.
coefficients | lowest
28
What are the five general types of reaction?
1. combination 2. decomposition 3. single-replacement 4. double-replacement 5. combustion
29
Reaction formula: A + B --> AxBy
Combination
30
Reaction formula: AxBy -->w/heat A + B
Decomposition
31
Reaction formula: A + BC --> AC + B
Single-replacement
32
Reaction formula: AB + CD --> AD + CB
Double-replacement
33
Reaction formula: Fuel + O2 --> CO2 + H20
Combustion
34
What is a good indicator of possible reaction type and thus possible products?
The number of elements and/or compounds reacting.
35
What are the ions that are unchanged in a reaction, the ions that are just "watching?"
Spectator ions
36
What is the equation that excludes the spectator ions; it contains just the part that changed?
Net ionic equation
37
How can you predict the formation of a precipitate?
Using the general rules for solubility of ionic compounds.
38
What does it mean to be soluble?
It can be dissolved (most of the time in water, but in other substances too).
39
What happens when ionic compounds are dissolved in water?
The ions become hydrated.
40
What happens when an ion becomes hydrated (in water)?
The positive end of the water goes with the anion, and the negative end of the ion goes with the cation.
41
What does it mean to be insoluble?
It cannot be dissolved; it stays separate.
42
What is holding the maximum amount it can hold; cannot hold anymore, under these conditions?
Saturated
43
What is not holding the maximum amount; it can hold more?
Unsaturated
44
Why do precipitates sometimes form from aqueous solutions of ions?
The saturation point is not enough to hold the contents of the precipitate; one of the substances of the substances has exceeded the saturation point.
45
What phase are precipitates?
Solids
46
Ions are _____ into place and the conductivity _________.
locked | decreases
47
Which symbol is used in place of --> for reversible reactions?
Arrow that goes both ways.
48
What is an activity series?
Lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity.
49
How do you determine the degree of polarity of a bond?
Electronegativity
50
What type of heat is involved in a synthesis/combination reaction?
Exothermic
51
What type of heat is involved in a decomposition reaction?
Endothermic
52
What is the formula for Copper (III) Nitrate?
Cu(NO3)2
53
What is the formula for Sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
54
When naming acids, the prefix Hydro- is used with anions that end in...
-ide
55
What is meant by complete combustion?
CO2 is a product.

Chemistry (19 decks)

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