Ch 13: States of Matter

Question 1

What are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume?

Answer 1

Particles of a gas

Question 2

How is the motion of the particles in a gas?

Answer 2

Rapid, constant, and random.

Question 3

All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly _______.

Answer 3

Elastic

Question 4

What is the result of simultaneous collisions of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas within an object?

Answer 4

Gas pressure

Question 5

The Kelvin temperature of a substance is _______ ____________ to the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance.

Answer 5

directly proportional

Question 6

What does the interplay between the disruptive motions of particles in liquid and the attractions among the particles determine?

Answer 6

The physical properties of liquids.

Question 7

During evaporation, only those molecules with a certain minimum _______ ______ can escape the _______ of the liquid.

Answer 7

kinetic energy

surface

Question 8

When is equilibrium reached?

Answer 8

When the maximum amount of vapor is achieved.

Question 9

1 atm =___ mm Hg

Answer 9

760

Question 10

1 atm = _____ kPa

Answer 10

101.3

Question 11

101.3 kPa = ___ mm Hg

Answer 11

760

Question 12

What happens when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which particles throughout the liquid have enough kinetic energy to vaporize?

Answer 12

The liquid begins to boil.

Question 13

Also known as when the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

Answer 13

Boiling point

Question 14

If vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure, _____ will form throughout the liquid, not merely at the surface.

Answer 14

vapor

Question 15

Evaporation equals the surface, there will be _______ throughout.

Answer 15

boiling

Question 16

Normal boiling point =

Answer 16

1 atm

Question 17

What are reflected by the orderly arrangement of their particle and the fixed locations of their particles?

Answer 17

The general properties of solids.

Question 18

The shape of a _______ reflect the arrangement of the particles within the solid.

Answer 18

crystal

Question 19

What occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature?

Answer 19

Sublimation

Question 20

The conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by

Answer 20

a line separating the phases.

Question 21

The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases exist simultaneously is known as what?

Answer 21

Triple point

Question 22

What is the temperature above which a substance will be a gas regardless of the pressure?

Answer 22

Critical point