Ch 7: Ionic and Metallic Bonding Flashcards
How do you find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element?
Look at its group number.
What type of atoms tend to lose their valence electrons, leaving a complete octet in the next-lowest energy level?
Metals
What type of atoms tend to gain electrons or to share electrons with another ________ to achieve a complete octet?
Nonmetals
What is produced when an atom loses a valence electron?
Cation
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion.
What is a multivalent cation?
An ion with more than one possible charge.
What is produced when a neutral atom gains negatively charged ions?
Anion
Although they are composed of ions, what are electrically neutral?
Ionic compounds
What are composed of two elements in the form of ions?
Binary ionic compounds
What are the three steps to name a binary ionic compound?
- Name the cation.
- Use roman numerals if the cation is multivalent.
- Name the anion, but change the suffix to -ide.
How do you find the formula of a binary compound?
Balance the charges. The total charge of a compound is equal to zero.
What are groups of atoms that act as one ion?
Polyatomic ions
Most ionic compounds are crystalline ______ at room temperature (what phase of matter?)
solids
OH -
Hydroxide
NO3 -
Nitrate
SO4 2-
Sulfate
CO3 2-
Carbonate
PO4 3-
Phosphate
NH4 +
Ammonium
Properties of ionic compounds: (explanation) except Hydrogen, metal atoms are packed tightly because attractive forces are strong.
Shiny solids
Properties of ionic compounds: (explanation) ions aren’t locked in place by electron attractions, allowing some flexibility. Electrons are mobile.
Malleable and ductile
Properties of ionic compounds: (explanation) easily absorbs and reflects light and heat as electron gets excited and returns to ground state.
High melting points
Properties of ionic compounds: high m/v.
High density
When melted or dissolved in water, ionic compounds can…
Conduct an electric current
Properties of ionic compounds: good _________ of heat.
conductor
Properties of ionic compounds: low __________ energy.
ionization
The valence electrons of metal atoms can be modeled as a…
sea of electrons
What are the loosely held valence electrons flowing throughout metallic crystal structure?
Metallic bond
There is an attractive force between the negative electron and metallic cation. This attraction is a…
metallic bond
Metals are arranged in very _______ and _______ patterns.
compact,
orderly
Why are alloys important?
Their properties are often superior to those of their component elements.
