Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology (MPP 3202) > Ch. 8 CNS > Flashcards

Ch. 8 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS is composed of the?

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CNS receives input from?

A

Sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CNS directs activity of ____ ____ that innervate muscles and glands.

A

Motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of neurons integrate sensory information and help direct the appropriate response to maintain homeostasis and respond to the environment?

A

Associate neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gray Matter

A

Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies
–clusters of cell bodies in CNS are nuclei

Dendrites
Axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated axons
–axon bundles connecting CNS are tracts

Contains very few cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain

A

Gray matter forms cortex (outer part) and deep nuclei; white matter (myelinated) is deep forming tracts

Adult brain has 100 billion neurons

It receives 15% of total blood flow to the body per minute

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Midbrain, Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Choroid Plexuses

A

Consists of simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium in close association w/ blood capillaries

Projects into roof of ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Choroid plexuses secrete CSF into ventricles and central canal of cord

  • -not part of our circulation
  • -no RBCs in CSF
  • -composition of CSF is different than that of blood

CSF is made from blood and returned to blood
–turned over rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest portion of the brain - 80% of the mass

Responsible for higher mental functions

Consists of a Right (R) and Left (L) cerebral hemisphere connected internally by the Corpus Callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functional Regions of the Cerebrum

A

Study diagram in notes (p. 7 in Ch. 8 notes)

You should be able to know the main gyri and sulci, know the location of each lobe, and special areas (Broca’s, Wernicke’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer region (cortex) of cerebrum composed of 2-4mm gray matter w/ underlying white matter

Characterized by raised folds called Gyri separated by depressed grooves called Sulci; together called Convolutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Each hemisphere is divided by deep sulci or fissures into 5 lobes. What are these 5 lobes?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gyri

A

Raised folds of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sulci

A

Depressed grooves of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Frontal and Parietal lobes are separated by what?

A

The Central Sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Frontal Lobe

Responsible for motor control; neurons called upper motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Parietal Lobe

Responsible for Somatesthetic Sensation (coming from receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, and joints); called somatosensory cortex

Tells us where we are in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory Centers

Interpretation of auditory sensations, storage (memory) of auditory and visual experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision and coordination of eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Insula Lobe

A

Encoding of memory and integration of sensory information w/ visceral responses; receives olfactory, gustatory, auditory, and pain information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles, personality, higher intellectual processes, verbal communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Somatesthetic interpretation, understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts and emotions, interpretation of textures and shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The L side of the brain controls which side of the body?

A

Right side of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The R side of the brain controls which side of the body?

A

Left side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Communication between the 2 halves of the brain occurs through what structure?

A

Corpus Callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Visuospatial tasks, recognizing faces, composing music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Language, speech, writing, calculations

29
Q

Discuss how Cerebral Lateralization (Dominance) works.

A

Each side of the precentral gyrus controls movements on the contralateral (opposite) side of the body.

Somatesthetic sensation from each side of the body projects to the contralateral sides of the post central gyrus.

Communication between the 2 sides occurs through the Corpus Callosum.

30
Q

The Limbic system is the group of brain regions responsible for?

A

Emotional drives

31
Q

Areas of the cerebrum included in the limbic system?

A

Cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, septal nuclei, anterior insula

Hypothalamus and Thalamus also included

32
Q

The Limbic system controls what emotions?

A 
Aggression
Fear
Hunger/Satiety
Sex drive
Goal-directed behaviors
33
Q

Limbic System: Aggression

A

Areas in amygdala and hypothalamus

34
Q

Limbic System: Fear

A

Amygdala and hypothalamus

35
Q

Limbic System: Hunger/Satiety

A

Hypothalamus

36
Q

Limbic System: Sex drive

A

The whole system

37
Q

Limbic System: Goal-directed behaviors

A

Hypothalamus and other regions

38
Q

The Diencephalon includes?

A 
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
part of Pituitary Gland
Third ventricle
39
Q

The Diencephalon is located in the? What is it surrounded by?

A

Forebrain

Surrounded by cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

The hypothalamus is important in?

A

Maintaining homeostasis and regulating the autonomic system.

41
Q

The hypothalamus contains centers for?

A
  1. Hunger/satiety and thirst
  2. Regulation of body temp
  3. Regulation of sleep and wakefulness
  4. Sexual arousal and performance
  5. Emotions of fear, anger, pain, and pleasure
  6. Control of endocrine system
  7. Controls hormone secretion from pituitary gland
42
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

ADH and Oxytocin (transported along the hypothalami-hypophyseal tract) where they are stored until needed

43
Q

Hypothalami-Hypophyseal Tract

A

How the hypothalamus communicates to the posterior pituitary

44
Q

The pituitary is __ gland with __ part(s).

A

1 gland, 2 parts

45
Q

ADH

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

Regulates urine concentration

46
Q

Oxytocin

A

Acts on mammary glands

47
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Hormones and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus are transported here via the circulation (portal vessels) to regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones

48
Q

The hindbrain is known as the?

A

Rhombencephalon

49
Q

The hindbrain is composed of?

A

Metencephalon (pons and cerebrum) and Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

50
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and Cerebrum

Helps compose Hindbrain

51
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

Helps compose Hindbrain

52
Q

What does the Pons house?

A

Sensory and motor tracts heading from/to the spinal cord, and respiratory centers

53
Q

Cerebellum

A

2nd largest brain structure; gray matter outside, white matter inside

54
Q

The cerebellum receives input from?

A

Proprioceptors, which sense joint angle, muscle length and tension

senses body position

55
Q

The cerebellum works with?

A

Basal nuclei and motor cortex to coordinate movement

56
Q

The cerebellum is needed for?

A

Motor learning and the proper timing and force required to move limbs in a specific task

motor control

57
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Made up of Medulla Oblongata

All ascending and descending tracts between brain and spinal cord pass through medulla

Contains nuclei required for regulation of breathing and cardiovascular response = vital centers

  • -remember, in CNS nuclei are clusters of cell bodies
  • -gray (unmyelinated)
58
Q

Myelencephalon: Vasomotor Center

A

Controls blood vessel diameter

59
Q

Myelencephalon: Cardiac Control Center

A

Controls HR

60
Q

Myelencephalon: Respiratory Center

A

Works w/ areas in the Pons to control breathing

61
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Composed of white matter surrounding a gray matter core

–cell bodies w/in gray matter (unmyelinated)

62
Q

Spinal Cord: Gray Matter

A

Arranged w/ a left and right dorsal horn and a left and right ventral horn

63
Q

Spinal Cord: White Matter

A

Composed of ascending and descending fiber tracts

–tracts in CNS are where bundled [myelinated] axons are (allows info to run up and down spinal cord)

64
Q

Dorsal Root

A

Carries sensory information

65
Q

Ventral Root

A

Motor neurons exit through ventral root to muscles/glands

66
Q

Ascending Tracts

A

Convey sensory info from receptors in skin, muscles, joints, and organs to brain

Crossover of tracts (decussation) may occur in the spinal cord or in the medulla. This means that the origin of the input and brain area are Contralateral.

67
Q

Descending Tracts

A

Two Major Groups:

  1. Corticospinal or Pyramidal: descend directly w/o synaptic interruption from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
    - -no synapse
  2. Extrapyramidal Tracts: originate in brain stem and are controlled by motor circuits of various brain regions
    - -you are not required to know the specific brain regions
68
Q

Are Cranial Nerves part of the CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

69
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Arise directly from nuclei in brain

12 pairs

Most are mixed nerves w/ both sensory and motor neurons (somatic and parasympathetic)

Those associated w/ vision, olfaction, and hearing are sensory only and have their cell bodies in ganglia located near the sensory organ

Physiology (MPP 3202) (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions