Ch. 8: Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility

Question 1

Body mechanics

Answer 1

area of physiology that studies muscle action and how muscles function in maintaining the posture of the body and prevention of injury during activity

Question 2

Principles of body mechanics

Answer 2

maintain appropriate body alignment
maintain wide base of support
bend knees and hips
do not bend from waist

Question 3

The second occupational injury

Answer 3

back injuries

Question 4

Proper body mechanics

Answer 4

avoid twisting, carry objects close to the body and midline, avoid reaching too far, avoid lifting when other means of movement are available

Question 5

Foot boot

Answer 5

maintains the foot in dorsiflexion position, prevents foot drop

Question 6

Trochanter roll

Answer 6

prevents external rotation of legs when patient is in supine position

Question 7

Trapeze bar

Answer 7

allows patient to roll from side to side or to sit up in bed

Question 8

Bed board

Answer 8

provides additional firmness to mattress

Question 9

Abductor splint

Answer 9

used to maintain legs in abduction after THR

Question 10

Complications of immobility

Answer 10

muscle atrophy and asthenia, contractures, osteoporosis, pressure ulcer, constipation, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism

Question 11

How often to reposition an immobile patient?

Answer 11

Every 2 hours

Question 12

Anti-embolism measure

Answer 12

TED stockings, decompression boots

Question 13

Dorsal

Answer 13

lying flat on back

Question 14

Dorsal recumbent

Answer 14

supine lying on back, head, and shoulder with extremities moderately flexed

Question 15

Fowler’s

Answer 15

head of bed is raised 45 to 60 degrees

Question 16

Semi-fowler’s

Answer 16

head of bed is raised 30 degrees

Question 17

Orthopenic

Answer 17

sitting up in bed at 90 degree angle or sometimes resting in forward tilt

Question 18

Sims’

Answer 18

lying on side with knee and thigh drawn toward chest

Question 19

Prone

Answer 19

lying face down in horizontal position

Question 20

Knee-chest (genupectoral)

Answer 20

kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest, abdomen raised, head turned to one side and arms flexed

Question 21

Lithotomy

Answer 21

lying supine with hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and rotated externally

Question 22

Trendelenburg’s

Answer 22

head is low, body and legs are on inclined plane

Question 23

CSM

Answer 23

neurovascular function or circulation, movement, sensation

LPN/LVN check: skin color, temperature, movement, sensation, pulses, capillary refill, and pain

Question 24

Compartment syndrome

Answer 24

compression created by external pressure or the accumulation of excessive tissue fluid from burns, fractures, crushing injuries or severely bruised muscles increases compartmental pressure, can also be caused by cast or tight bandage

Question 25

Permanent nerve damage with irreversible muscle function can occur within

Answer 25

12 to 24 hours

Question 26

Acute compartment syndrome

Answer 26

is an emergency

Question 27

Fasciotomy

Answer 27

surgeon makes an incision into the skin and fascia to release the pressure, incision is left open until swelling subsides

Question 28

Active ROM

Answer 28

performed by patient

Question 29

Passive ROM

Answer 29

performed by caregivers

Question 30

Range of motion exercises

Answer 30

movement of the body that involves the muscles and joints in natural directional movements

Question 31

Physical disuse syndrome

Answer 31

physical state caused by bed rest or immobility and/or lack of physical activity

Question 32

Moving the patient

Answer 32

assist with moving, assist with ambulation, using a lift

Question 33

Continuous passive motion machines

Answer 33

machine that flexes and extends joints to passively mobilize them, prevents complications

Question 34

Assessment

Answer 34

foci of ROM, muscle strength, activity tolerance, gait, posture; observe for fatigue, muscle strength, ROM; assistance needed for transfers