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Fundamentals of Nursing > Ch. 1: The Evolution of Nursing > Flashcards

Ch. 1: The Evolution of Nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors that have changed nursing

A

how we care for the sick, the way people live, the relationship of people with their environment, the search for knowledge and truth through education, technological advances

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2
Q

Care of the sick during early civilization

A

evolution of views of health, wellness, and illness; ancient practices

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3
Q

Illness

A

is an abnormal process in which aspects of the social, emotional, or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired

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4
Q

Nursing in the 19th century

A

Hospitals: overcrowded, poor hygienic practices; untrained people, women of “proper upbringing” did not work, inmates or prostitutes ended up serving as nurses

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5
Q

Florence Nightengale

A

Known as “Lady with the Lamp”, credited as the first nursing theorist, helped to shift views of the nursing education

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6
Q

Accomplishments of Florence Nightingale

A

Established nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London, promoted new standards of teaching, “Nightingale Plan” established

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7
Q

Dorthea Dix elevated standards for

A

the mentally ill, was a superintendent of Female Nurses of the Union Army

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8
Q

Clara Barton establed

A

the Red Cross in 1881

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9
Q

Mary Ann Ball

A

was one of the greatest heroines of the Civil War. She advocated for soldiers to have rights and certain comforts

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10
Q

Linda Richards

A

was the first trained nurse in America, developed our present day documentation system

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11
Q

Isabel Hampton Robb

A

One of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing, first graded system of documenting in schools of nursing.

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12
Q

Lavinia Dock

A

founded National League for Nursing Education

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13
Q

Mary Eliza Mahoney

A

first African-American professional nurse and fought for African-Americans in the profession

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14
Q

Lillian D. Wald

A

developed public health nursing in the U.S. and founded the Henry Street Settlement in NYC

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15
Q

Mary Adelaide Nutting

A

was a leader in nursing education, developed curriculum and guidelines for students

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16
Q

Mary Breckenridge

A

pioneered midwifery and developed the Frontier Nursing School where the nurses rode horseback to reach obstetric mothers to assist with nursing care

17
Q

Changes in nursing during the 20th century

A

Licensing of nursing: NLN and ANA, Impact on nursing: WWI and WWII, Contemporary nursing

18
Q

Significant changes in nursing during the 21st century

A

demographic changes, women’s health care issues, men in nursing, human rights, medically underserved, nursing shortage

19
Q

Development of practical and vocational nurses

A

attendant nurses, practical nursing programs improved educational standards, federal funds helped recruitment of men and women

20
Q

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nursing (NFLPN)

A

Founded by Lillian Kuster in 1949, membership limited to LPN/LVNs

21
Q

National League for Nursing (NLN)

A

In 1961, established the Department of Practical Nursing Programs

22
Q

Council of Practical Nursing Programs

A

an accreditation service for LPNs

23
Q

Licensure for Practical and Vocational Nursing

A

Licensing laws, NCLEX-PN

24
Q

Health care systems

A

Complete network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved within a specified geographic area

25
Q

Goal of health care systems

A

achieve optimal levels of health care for a defined population

26
Q

Wellness-illness continum

A

Range of a person’s total health, each individual’s health is ever-changing, wellness vs. illness, role of holistic health care

27
Q

Maslow’s Model of Health and Illness

A

Physiologic, safety and security, love and belonginess, esteem and self-actualization

28
Q

3 levels of health promotion

A

maintain wellness, preventing disease-related complications, management of care of those with serious health problems

29
Q

Continuity of care

A

patient is the focus in health care; due to complexity, system can be frightening

30
Q

Delivery of patient care

A

involves determining patient’s individual needs, developing a plan of care, and meeting the needs of the patient

31
Q

Participants in the health care system

A

professional health care specialist, RNs, Licensed practical/vocational nurses, other caregivers, technologists, medical technicians, and paraprofessionals

32
Q

Economic factors affecting health and illness

A

rising health care costs, increasing number of aging Americans, advances in technology, health care insurance, malpractice insurance, changes in delivery system

33
Q

Social and environmental factors that affect health and illness

A

financial hardships, lifestyle choices, social pressures, personal behavior

34
Q

Health promotion

A

most people in the United States have a right to health care without discrimination: includes treatment of disease, health promotion, preventative medicine, patient rights

35
Q

Interdisciplinary Approach to Health Care

A

development of comprehensive care plan, effective communication, accurate documentation

36
Q

Nursing care models have changed to meet the needs of the patient

A

four major concepts: nursing, patient, health, environment

37
Q

The role of the LPN/LVN has changed over time, and is influenced by

A

nurse practice acts depending on the state, changes within health care agencies, availability of workers, needs of the patients

38
Q

LPN/LVN defined

A

provides direct services under supervision of a RN, is educated to provide safe, responsible, and effective care, performs basic therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventative care

39
Q

LPN/LVN roles and responsibilities

A

NAPNES issues responsibilities for practice, plan care/revise plan of care based on nursing diagnoses, demonstrate a caring and empathetic approach to safe care, implement patient care under the direct supervision of RN, licensed physician, or dentist

Fundamentals of Nursing (14 decks)

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