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Medical Terminology > Ch 7 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch 7 - Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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2
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

cluster of capillaries forming the structural and functional unit of the kidney known as the nephron. glomerular capillaries filter fluid, the first step in urine formation.

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4
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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5
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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6
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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7
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

“pelvis” denotes any bowl-shaped structure

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8
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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9
Q

urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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10
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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11
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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12
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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13
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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14
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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15
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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16
Q

-pexy

A

fixation (of an organ)

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17
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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18
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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19
Q

-uria

A

urine

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20
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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21
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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22
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

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23
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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24
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

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25
Q

edema

A

swelling

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26
Q

supra-

A

above, excessive, superior

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27
Q

scler/o

A

hardening of a body part (also sclera - white of the eye)

28
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

29
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation or expansion

30
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

31
Q

lumen

A

tubular space within a structure

32
Q

aden/o

A

gland

33
Q

nephrons

A

microscopic filtering units of the kidneys designed to filter urea and other waste products from the blood. also responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

34
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

35
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

36
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

37
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelography

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU)

38
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

39
Q

-grade

A

to go

40
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelography

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using small-caliber catheters

41
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogenous compounds

42
Q

py/o

A

pus

43
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

any condition that impairs flow of blood to the kidneys, such as shock, injury, or exposure to toxins

44
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

45
Q

leuk/o

A

white

46
Q

erythr/o

A

red

47
Q

azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

48
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

49
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of cystitis and other urinary tract conditions

50
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood and, ultimately, required dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

51
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after an age at which bladder control should be established; also called bed wetting at night or nocturnal enuresis

52
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

53
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

condition associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent, such as a drug or chemical, which results in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

54
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure that results from kidney disease

55
Q

uremia

A

elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products from the blood, as occurs in renal failure; also called azotemia

56
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5

57
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous blood waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

58
Q

pyelography

A

radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually the bladder after injection of a contrast agent

59
Q

renal scan

A

nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney

60
Q

urinalysis

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine

61
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra after filling the bladder with a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine

62
Q

catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid - most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine.

63
Q

dialysis

A

mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

64
Q

hemodialysis

A

process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient’s blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient’s body via tubes connected to the circulatory system

65
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the patient’s own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane

66
Q

renal transplantation

A

organ transplantation of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation

67
Q

noct/o

A

night

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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