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Medical Terminology > Ch 5 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Ch 5 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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2
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widening, widened blood vessel

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3
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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4
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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5
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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6
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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7
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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8
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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9
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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10
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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11
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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12
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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13
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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14
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens; duct

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15
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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16
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of heart or brain)

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17
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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18
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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19
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording

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20
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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21
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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22
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

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23
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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24
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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25
Q

-rraphy

A

suture

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26
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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27
Q

peri/cardi/um

A

fibrous sac that encloses the entire heart

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28
Q

my/o/cardi/um

A

middle muscular layer of the heart

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29
Q

endo/cardi/um

A

inner, membranous layer of the heart which lines the interior of the heart and heart valves

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29
Q

septum

A

wall or partition dividing a body space or cavity (plural - septa)

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30
Q

inferior

A

below

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31
Q

superior

A

above

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32
Q

-lith

A

stone or calculus

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33
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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34
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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35
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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36
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation or expansion

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37
Q

-ole

A

small, minute

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38
Q

-ule

A

small, minute

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39
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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40
Q

atri/o/ventricul/ar

A

pertaining to atrium and ventricles

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41
Q

contraction

A

a drawing together; a shortening or shrinkage

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42
Q

diastole

A

normal period of heart relaxation

blood fills the ventricles

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43
Q

systole

A

normal period of heart contraction

contraction propels the blood out of the ventricles and into circulation

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44
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal heart rhythm

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45
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

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46
Q

lumen

A

The inner open space or cavity of a tubular organ, as of a blood vessel.

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47
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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48
Q

necr/o

A

death or necrosis

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49
Q

infarct

A

a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by occlusion of the arterial supply or the venous drainage of the part.

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50
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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51
Q

-pathy

A

disease

52
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

53
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

54
Q

-gen; -genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

55
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

56
Q

-poiesis

A

formation, production

57
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

58
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

59
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

60
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

61
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

62
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

63
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

64
Q

ana-

A

against; up; back

65
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall

66
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

“Without rhythm”

67
Q

fibrillation

A

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers

68
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries

69
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total occlusion

70
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

71
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

abnormal condition that affects the heart’s arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium

most common form of CAD is coronary atherosclerosis

72
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins

73
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter - commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble - that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

embol = plug

74
Q

heart block

A

interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart

75
Q

first-degree heart block

A

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

76
Q

second-degree heart block

A

AV (atrioventricular) block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA (sinoatrial) node fail to be conducted to the ventricles

77
Q

third-degree heart block

A

AV (atrioventricular) block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)

78
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure (CHF)

79
Q

hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than 119/79 mm Hg, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

80
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow

81
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

82
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers in the heart

83
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called a heart attack

84
Q

patent ductus arteriosis

A

failure of the ductus arteriosis to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

85
Q

Raynaud phenomenon

A

numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

86
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

87
Q

stroke

A

damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery, also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

88
Q

thrombus

A

aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel; also called a blood clot

89
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain that causes no permanent brain damage

90
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin and usually occur in the legs

91
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

92
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue (usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes), splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

93
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue

94
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

95
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

96
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

any of a heterogenous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma

97
Q

cardiac catheterization (CC)

A

insertion of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach) to provide evaluation of the heart

98
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

99
Q

echocardiography

A

use of an ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great vessels and diagnose cardiovascular lesions

100
Q

electrocardiography (ECG)

A

creation and study of graphic records (electrocardiograms) produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography

101
Q

Holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph recordings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder while the patent conducts normal daily activities

102
Q

stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring the amount of oxygen consumption

103
Q

nuclear stress test

A

ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

104
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle)

indicator of a recent myocardial infarction (MI)

105
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

imaging technique that records high-frequency sound waves bouncing off body tissues and uses a computer to process those waves to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

106
Q

bone marrow aspiration biopsy

A

removal of living bone marrow tissue, usually taken from the sternum or iliac crest, for microscopic examination

107
Q

ELISA

A

blood test used to screen for an antibody to the AIDS virus

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect anti-HIV antibodies)

108
Q

lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium

109
Q

tissue typing

A

technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues used in grafts and transplants with the recipient’s tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing

110
Q

angioplasty

A

any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow, usually using balloon dilation

111
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

procedure in which a surgeon removes one or more of a patient’s peripheral veins and then sutures each end of the vein onto the coronary artery to route blood flow around a blockage in a coronary artery, thus increasing blood flow to the heart

112
Q

cardioversion

A

delivery of brief discharges of electricity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; also called defibrillation

113
Q

defibrillator

A

device designed to administer a defibrillating electric shock to restore normal sinus rhythm

114
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

A

surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillations

115
Q

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

116
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

117
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery

118
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

119
Q

valvuloplasty

A

plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve

120
Q

lymphangiectomy

A

removal of a lymph vessel

121
Q

statins

A

drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing levels of low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and slightly increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins

122
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot

123
Q

isch/o

A

hold back

124
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh (connective tissue)

125
Q

-tension

A

to stretch

126
Q

-version

A

turning

127
Q

trans-

A

across, through

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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