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Medical Terminology > Ch 10 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 10 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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2
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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3
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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4
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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5
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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6
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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7
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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8
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

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9
Q

-algia

A

pain

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10
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

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11
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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12
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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13
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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14
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

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15
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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16
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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17
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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18
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle fibers composed of striations that move bones of the skeleton and work mostly in a voluntary manner

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19
Q

cardiac muscle

A

muscle fibers composed of striations. found only in the heart and work involuntarily

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20
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle fibers are shorter and lack striations and usually function involuntarily, i.e. gastrointestinal tract

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21
Q

flexion

A

bending of a limb

opposite of extension

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22
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

opposite of adduction

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23
Q

extension

A

extending of a limb

opposite of flexion

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24
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the body

opposite of abduction

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25
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

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26
Q

pronation

A

turning the hand to a palm down position

opposite of supination

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27
Q

supination

A

turning the hand to a palm up position

opposite of pronation

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28
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the foot or toes upward

opposite of plantar flexion

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29
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending of the foot or toes downward

opposite of dorsiflexion

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30
Q

eversion

A

moving the sole of the foot outward

opposite of inversion

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31
Q

inversion

A

moving the sole of the foot inward

opposite of eversion

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32
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

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33
Q

axial skeleton

A

consists of head, chest, spine

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34
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

consists of shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

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35
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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36
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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37
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

38
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

39
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

40
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

41
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra (backbone)

used to form words about the condition of the structure

42
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra (backbone)

used to form words that describe the structure

43
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

44
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

45
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

46
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

47
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

48
Q

pelv/i

pelv/o

A

pelvis

49
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

50
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

51
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

52
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

53
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

54
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

55
Q

orth/o

A

straight

56
Q

oste/o

A

bone

57
Q
  • clasia

- clast

A

to break

58
Q

-cyte

A

cell

59
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

fusion

60
Q

-malacia

A

softening

61
Q

-physis

A

growth

62
Q

-porosis

A

porous

63
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue

64
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue

65
Q

rotator cuff injuries

A

injuries to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injuries

66
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability

67
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

68
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot

69
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendonitis

70
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck

71
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

72
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

73
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

74
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis

75
Q

gout

A

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

76
Q

herniated disk

A

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk

77
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

78
Q

Paget disease

A

skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans

79
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities

80
Q

subluxation

A

partial or complete dislocation

81
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

82
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis

83
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called a hunchback

84
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

85
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right

86
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression

87
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

88
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid

89
Q

rheumatoid factor

A

blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

90
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

91
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

92
Q

roentgen/o

A

refers to Wilhelm Roentgen, who discovered x-rays. radiology was previously called roentgenology.

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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