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Medical Terminology > Ch 6 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch 6 - Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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2
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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3
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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4
Q

-ist

A

specialist

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5
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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6
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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7
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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8
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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9
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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10
Q

ptyal/o

A

saliva

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11
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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12
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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13
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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14
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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15
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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16
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach)

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17
Q

-algia

A

pain

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18
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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19
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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20
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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21
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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22
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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23
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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24
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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25
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla (jaw)

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26
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition, increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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27
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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28
Q

EGD

A

esophag/o/gastr/o/duoden/o/scopy

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29
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

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30
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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31
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

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32
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of the small intestine)

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33
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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34
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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35
Q

col/o

A

colon

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36
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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37
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

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38
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

39
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

40
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling

41
Q

-stomy

A

forming an opening (mouth)

42
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

43
Q

anastomosis

A

connection between two vessels, bowel segments, or ducts

44
Q

feces

A

waste matter eliminated from the bowels

45
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

46
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

47
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

48
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

49
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

50
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

51
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

52
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

53
Q

-lith

A

stone

54
Q

-prandial

A

meal

55
Q

therm/o

A

heat

56
Q

tox/o

A

poison

57
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

58
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

59
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

60
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

61
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

62
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, which is usually acute and caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection

63
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

64
Q

borborygmus

A

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

65
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

66
Q

diverticular disease

A

condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle

67
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites

68
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface

69
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of stools containing bright red blood

70
Q

hemorrhoid

A

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; also known as piles

71
Q

hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

72
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

ulceration of the colon mucosa

73
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

chronic IBD that usually affects the ileum but may affect any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional colitis

74
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and pain

75
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

condition characterized by gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, including constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating, all in the absence of organic pathology; also called spastic colon

76
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyper bilirubinemia)

77
Q

obesity

A

condition in which a person accumulates an amount of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

morbid obesity: more severe obesity, BMI of 40 or greater which is generally 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight

78
Q

polyp

A

small, tumorlike, benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

79
Q

colonic polyposis

A

condition in which polyps project from the mucous membrane of the colon

80
Q

polyposis

A

condition in which polyps develop in the intestinal tract

81
Q

ulcer

A

open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

82
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

83
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum

84
Q

barium swallow

A

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium); also called upper GI series

85
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

radiographic techniques that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part

86
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Upper GI: esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower GI: colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

87
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

88
Q

stool guaiac

A

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection; also called hemoccult test

89
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

90
Q

bariatric surgery: vertical banded gastroplasty

A

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

91
Q

bariatric surgery: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

A

bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing the absorption of calories and fats

92
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

93
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach

94
Q

friable

A

easily broken or pulverized

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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