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NASM > CH 7 Terms Human Movement Science > Flashcards

CH 7 Terms Human Movement Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Movement System (HMS)

A

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

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2
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

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3
Q

Regional Interdependence Model

A

The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.

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4
Q

Biomechanics

A

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

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5
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

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6
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position with the body erect, the arms at the sides, and the palms forward. It is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

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7
Q

Medial

A

Relatively closer to the midline of the body.

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Relatively farther away from the midline or toward the outside of the body.

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9
Q

Contralateral

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

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10
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Positioned on the same side of the body.

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Positioned on or toward the front of the body.

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Positioned on or toward the back of the body.

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Positioned nearest to the center of the body or other identified reference point.

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14
Q

Distal

A

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or other identified reference point.

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15
Q

Inferior

A

Positioned below an identified reference point.

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16
Q

Superior

A

Positioned above an identified reference point.

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17
Q

Biomehcanics

A

The scientific principles of physics to study how the body creates movement at the joints.

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18
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Movement of a limb that is visible.

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19
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

The description of joint surface movement; consists of 3 major types: roll, slide, and spin.

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20
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

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21
Q

Flexion

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between 2 adjacent segments decreases.

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22
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between 2 adjacent segments decreases.

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23
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

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24
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion occurring at the angle.

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25
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Extension occurring at the angle. Pointing the foot downwards.

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26
Q

Frontal Plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, and side-to-side motions.

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27
Q

Abduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

28
Q

Adduction

A

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

29
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Bending of the spine from side to side.

30
Q

Eversion

A

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

31
Q

Inversion

A

A movement in which inferior calcaneus (heel bone moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

32
Q

Transverse Plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

33
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation of a body segment toward the middle of the body.

34
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body.

35
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

36
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

37
Q

Radioulnar Pronation

A

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position.

38
Q

Radioulnar Supination

A

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position.

39
Q

Pronation of the Foot

A

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction.

40
Q

Supination of the Foot

A

Multiplanar movement of the foot and ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production.

41
Q

Gait

A

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, and sprinting.

42
Q

Scapular Retraction

A

Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

43
Q

Scapular Protraction

A

Abduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline.

44
Q

Scapular Depression

A

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae.

45
Q

Scapular Elevation

A

Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae.

46
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched.

47
Q

Ligament

A

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

48
Q

Flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint.

49
Q

Hypermobility

A

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of injury at the joint.

50
Q

Hypomobility

A

When range of motion at a joint is limited.

51
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lenghening.

52
Q

Motor Unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates.

53
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle.

54
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

55
Q

Core

A

The structures that make up the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC), including the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, abdomen, and hip joint.

56
Q

Muscle Action Spectrum

A

The full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement.

57
Q

Isotonic

A

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. Isotonic muscle actions are subdivided into concentric and eccentric muscle actions.

58
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle tension is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint.

59
Q

Isokinetic

A

The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted.

It requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories.

60
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

61
Q

Motor Unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates.

62
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

A muscle action that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle.

63
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

64
Q

Core

A

The structures that make up the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC), including the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, abdomen, and hip joint.

65
Q

Muscle Action Spectrum

A

The full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement.

NASM (13 decks)

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