Ch 1: The Modern State of Health and Fitness

Question 1

Hypertension

Answer 1

Consistently elevated blood pressure..

Question 2

Hypertension, specifically, is one of the primary risk factors for…

Answer 2

heart disease and stroke.

Question 3

Hypertension is categorized by a blood pressure greater than…

Answer 3

120/80 (systolic/diastolic) millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

Question 4

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Answer 4

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

Question 5

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Answer 5

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Question 6

Blood pressure is classified as follows:

Answer 6

• Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg
• Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
• Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg
• Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher
• Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic greater than 120 mm Hg (Whelton et al., 2018)

Question 7

Elevated total cholesterol (medically referred to as dyslipidemia) is a major cause of…

Answer 7

disease burden in both the developed and developing world.

Question 8

Cholesterol is…

Answer 8

a waxy substance found in blood that is made up of a combination of protein and fatty acids, known as a lipoprotein.

Question 9

When a healthy, balanced diet is consumed, the human body produces all of its own necessary

Answer 9

cholesterol.

Question 10

Diabetes

Answer 10

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

Question 11

Glucose

Answer 11

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.

Question 12

Insulin resistance

Answer 12

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes.

Question 13

Skeletal muscle

Answer 13

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Question 14

Sprain

Answer 14

A stretching or tearing of ligaments.

Question 15

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 15

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

Question 16

Patellar tendonitis

Answer 16

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).

Question 17

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

Answer 17

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.

Question 18

Medial cruciate ligament (MCL) tear

Answer 18

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

Question 19

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Answer 19

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.