Ch 7- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychological disorders are
“characteristic sets of thoughts, feelings, or actions that cause noticeable distress to the sufferer, cause maladaptive functioning in society, or are considered deviant by the individual’s culture.”
What are the 2 classification systems to know for the mcat for psychological disorders?
Biomedical Approach (Biomedical therapy includes interventions that rally around symptom reduction of psychological disorders.)
biopsychosocial approach (“This method assumes that there are biological, psychological, and social components to an individual’s disorder.)
“ For an individual to be given the diagnosis of schizophrenia, he or she must have”
At least 2 of the symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, and negative symptoms.
“ one of which must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.”
Difference between positive and negative symptoms
“Positive symptoms are behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior. Examples include delusions and hallucinations, disorganized thought, and disorganized or catatonic behavior. Positive symptoms are considered by some to be two distinct dimensions—the psychotic dimension (delusions and hallucinations) and the disorganized dimension (disorganized thought and behavior)—perhaps with different underlying causes. Negative symptoms are those that involve the absence of normal or desired behavior, such as disturbance of affect and avolition.”
“are false beliefs discordant with reality and not shared by others in the individual’s culture that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary.”
Delusions
“ Common delusions include
delusions of reference, persecution, and grandeur. ”
involve the belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual. ”
“Delusions of reference
involve the belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, or threatened.”
“Delusions of persecution
involve the belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way, such as being an inventor, historical figure, or religious icon. ”
“Delusions of grandeur, also common in bipolar I disorder,
the belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast directly from one’s head to the external world”
thought broadcasting,
the belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head.”
thought insertion
“are perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality. ”
Hallucinations
_________ is characterized by the loosening of associations. This may be exhibited as speech in which ideas shift from one subject to another in such a way that a listener would be unable to follow the train of thought. ”
“Disorganized thought
“A patient’s speech may be so disorganized that it seems to have no structure—as though it were just words thrown together incomprehensibly. This is sometimes called
word salad.”
a person with schizophrenia may even invent new words, called.”
neologisms
