Ch 7: Middle Childhood (6-12) Flashcards
Females reach adolescent growth spurt around age __
11
Males hit adolescent growth spurt around age
14
Physical development and growth patterns for middle childhood
growth slows, less stocky/more slender, individual differences in hight/weight are noticeable, males tend to be taller and heavier
Children in middle childhood need about ___ calories a day for proper growth
2,000
T/F: Proper nutrition is more then just number of calories
T
Childhood obesity problem stem from…
poor eating habits, increased portion size, technology has been a factor in less physical activity, not playing out side in unsafe neighborhoods
Implications of obesity in childhood
children with poor eating habits are at risk for developing diabetes, increased cholesterol, and high blood pressure; damage to social/emotional well being (negative attitudes of peers, lower self-esteem, being teased, avoidance of physical activity)
T/F: Children as young as 5 may begin to worry about body image and being fat
T
T/F: Children as young as 8 have reported symptoms of eating disorders
T
Cognitive development in middle childhood
- expanded working memory
- increase in cognitive function from formal schooling
- prefrontal cortex continuing to develop
Prefrontal cortex is responsible for
attention. working memory, behavioral monitoring and self-regulation, reasoning, information processing, goal-setting, and inhibition
Skills developing in middle childhood
- conservation of matter
- classification and sub-classification
- computational skils
Child is able to carry out actions through behavior, but also through thought….
cause and effect; generalizing
define metamemory
child becomes aware of memory and learns how to assess their own memory function
define metacognition
child becomes aware of their own thinking and works on monitoring their own behavior and attention
T/F: Neurophysiological development is highly affected by the social environment
T
Threats to healthy development
- SES
- limited access to medical care
- single parent households
- victim of a crime
- low educational parent
- teen parents
What effect does chronic stress have on the development of the prefrontal cortex?
Interrupts functioning; anxiety and stress hormones
Social development in middle childhood
- increased language development
- exposure to peers and teachers
- deeper social relationships
- peer pressure
- child becomes less egocentric
- differing levels of self-esteem, social anxiety and self-acceptance
T/F: parents opinions are influential, but peers’ opinions are more important
T
T/F: children become very self-aware and self-conscious about appearance, abilities, and behavior in relation to others
T
T/F: children have a strong desire to be included and to belong
T
define social self-concept
beliefs about one’s own self-desirability, self-efficacy and social competence
T/F: Children with strong leadership qualities achieve social dominance
T
T/F: popularity is linked to higher intelligence, increased athleticism and physical attractiveness
T
T/F: bullying is a way to achieve social influence
T
T/F: bullying most often occurs within racial groups
T
Females bully using…Males bully using…
gossip and rumors; physical aggression
Friendships in childhood foster…
- self-efficacy
- social development
- social awareness
- working with others
Males tend to prefer ____ friendship circles
larger, loosely organized
Females tend to prefer _____ friendships
fewer, more exclusive
T/F: Having a cycle of best friends leads to more positive adjustment
T
Peer rejection and neglect can result in
short-term and long-term behavioral and emotional problems
Effects of social anxiety include
- strong link between friendship quality and risk of social anxiety
- implications stronger for females
- negative friendships
- lack of positive friendships
T/F: children develop an internal working model of experiences with parents during middle childhood
T
T/F: children view themselves as a product of how they have been cared for or neglected by caregivers
T
T/F: children with supportive caregivers have higher expectations for peer relationships and greater opportunities to learn social skills
T
define gender identity
an individual’s knowledge of his or her membership into a gender category or identification of oneself as male or female
define gender typicality
a self-perceived sense of similarity to members of one’s own gender group
define gender contentment
satisfaction with his or her own gender
T/F: during middle childhood, children develop their own set of beliefs that help actively justify their behavior
T
T/F: peers and parents play a role in moral development
T
In middle childhood, children are moving from Kohlberg’s _____ stage to _______ stage of development.
preconventional; conventional
preconventional stage of development…
morel reasoning is controlled by rewards and punishment
conventional stage of development
child begins to abide by certain standards, but the standards are set by others
___ in ____ children has a diagnosable mental illness
1/5
___ in ___ children have a serious emotional disturbance that negatively affects functioning
1/10
__% of children and adolescents who need mental health services never receive treatment
70%
4 types of parenting styles
Authoritarian–strict
Authoritative–supports, realistic
Permissive–passive/whatever attitude
Neglectful–unengaged
In response to the youth mental health crisis, counselors need to be competent in reference to the identification of several factors to guide service delivery, which include:
- culturally specific and sensitive interventions
- contextually based practices that are geared toward individual needs
- practices that are family driven and community centered
- strengths focused and resilience focused interventions
- practices that are coordinated across various mental health and related systems
In a school setting what therapy is most advantageous?
Solution-Focused Brief Counseling
