Ch 3: Conception and Prenatal Development

Question 1

Includes the first 13 weeks of prenatal development

Answer 1

First trimester

Question 2

Cognitive development of the brain structures (3)

Answer 2

Primitive hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain develop leading to the development of fully-developed brain structures

Question 3

pons function

Answer 3

controls relay signals for sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, taste, eye movement, and posture

Question 4

generally appears within the first 3 months after birth, but may take up to a year for symptoms to arise

Answer 4

Postpartum depression

Question 5

During the third trimester (28+ week) the fetus

Answer 5

-Moves, kicks, stretches, but slows because of increase size -Gains most weight (1/2 pound/week) -Lanugo (fine hair) disappears -Bones harden, except the skull (soft for delivery)

Question 6

fathers psychological concerns and issues through first trimester

Answer 6

-sense of disbelief, is this real? -will pregnancy be successful?

Question 7

During the first trimester (first 13 weeks) the fetus

Answer 7

-Develops in a cephalocaudal (head to toe) direction, meaning structures near the head develop faster -All major organs and structures begin to form -Heart begins to beat after 8 weeks, blood begins to circulate -Hair starts to grow -Tooth buds form

Question 8

During the second trimester (week 14-27) the fetus

Answer 8

-Organs develop further and begin to function -Fetus can swallow, hear, pee, suck -Genitals, eyebrows/lashes, fingernails form -Skin covers with vernix (a waxy coating) and lanugo (fine hair) -Moves, kicks, sleeps and wakes

Question 9

Maternal nutriton

Answer 9

a well-balanced diet is critical for healthy fetal development

Question 10

frontal lobe function

Answer 10

controls thought, voluntary behavior (walking, speech, problem solving), and some aspects of emotion

Question 11

Mental health disorders during pregnancy

Answer 11

-depression & anxiety most common (10-15%) -increase chance of relapse -medication issues -postpartum depression

Question 12

Domestic violence risks

Answer 12

risk of miscarriage, vaginal bleeding, low birth weight, fetal injury

Question 13

mothers psychological concerns and issues through second trimester

Answer 13

-general sense of well-being is typical -feel increased dependence on partner -increased anxiety over body image

Question 14

Social and emotional development

Answer 14

-connections between mother’s emotions and baby -emotional expressions of the fetus start after 10 weeks -Around 6 months fetus can share mothers emotions -If mother experiences distress the fetus emotional development can be affected

Question 15

Physically, a fetus undergoes the most dramatic changes within the ___ weeks of life.

Answer 15

first 8 weeks

Question 16

Relationship concerns

Answer 16

-feelings about mothers changing body -emotional instability -shifting sexuality

Question 17

5 Stages of grief

Answer 17

Denial: initial shock Anger: seeking someone to blame Bargaining: “if we had done this..” Depression: feelings of sadness and regret Acceptance

Question 18

fathers psychological concerns and issues through second trimester

Answer 18

-as mother starts to show, start to think about responsibilities as a father

Question 19

types of teratogens

Answer 19

-smoking -alcohol -drugs -diseases -violence

Question 20

parietal lobe function

Answer 20

controls taste, touch, recognition of objects, and hand-eye coordination

Question 21

teratogens effects depend on (4)

Answer 21

-when exposure occurred -how long the exposure lasted -how much of teratogen was present in body -genetic susceptibility of mother and fetus

Question 22

Occipital lobe function

Answer 22

controls vision and visual recognition

Question 23

spinal cord function

Answer 23

controls nerve tissue and supports cells while connecting the central nervous system; conducts motor information, sensory information and coronation reflexes

Question 24

define malnutrition

Answer 24

one or more essential nutrients are missing or in the wrong proportions; can lead to behavioral issues, altered cognitive functioning and disturbance in learning/memory

Question 25

mothers psychological concerns and issues through third trimester

Answer 25

-anticipation -concern over labor and delivery -body image concerns

Question 26

what are teratogens

Answer 26

any disease, drug, or environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus

Question 27

what is maternal stress include

Answer 27

-mother’s stress hormones can cross placental barrier -can cause fetus to overreact to stimuli -can lead to spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, preterm labor, reduced birthweight, reduced head circum.

Question 28

temporal lobe function

Answer 28

controls hearing, some language, smell, portions of memory, emotions and fear

Question 29

medulla function

Answer 29

controls autonomic nervous system functioning and connects the brain and spinal cord; contains reflexes, respiration, and cardiac functions

Question 30

Includes weeks 28 and beyond

Answer 30

Third trimester

Question 31

mothers psychological concerns and issues through first trimester

Answer 31

-emotional highs and lows magnified -heightened anxiety over possibility of miscarriage

Question 32

Risks to healthy prenatal development

Answer 32

-maternal nutrition -maternal stress -teratogens -domestic violence

Question 33

define undernutrition

Answer 33

all the nutrients are available, but not in sufficient amounts

Question 34

fathers psychological concerns and issues through third trimester

Answer 34

-it becomes real as feeling baby move

Question 35

Includes weeks 14-27

Answer 35

Second trimester

Question 36

Developed the 5 stages of grief

Answer 36

Kubler-Ross