Ch 6: Preschool: Early School Age (3-6) Flashcards
T/F: establishing friendships is one of the major development tasks of preschoolers
T; children who don’t build friendships need to be identified early and intervention put in place
Developed stages of moral development that he believed were hierarchical
Kohlberg
parenting styles
Authoritative-high, realistic expectations, warm and loving support, consistent rules and behavioral expectations Authoritarian-very strict, low warmth Permissive-passive/do whatever; not strict on rules; give too much to kids to decide Neglectful-not there
social and emotional development of 5 year old
wide group of friends and play cooperatively understand rules may prefer to interact with peers of the same gender cooperative skills lead to positive relationships and friendships
What is the difference between ODD and conduct disorder?
level of aggression ODD non violent; defiant CD-physically violent
having a positive level of self-efficacy and self esteem, positive future expectations, good coping skills, personal control, problem solving abilities, initiative, optimistic thinking and internal motivation
resilience
A child’s consistent perceptions about himself or herself, despite variations in behavior
self-concept
T/F: children may use play to understand a traumatic experience
T; they may recreate an unpleasant experience repeatedly to assimilate it and diminish the intensity of emotions
4 to 5 year olds begin to (cognitively)
-develop problem-solving skills -understand cause and effect -still egocentric -thinking is still concrete
How does the parents viewpoint on the child’s play have an effect?
Parents reactions
Increased/improved neurological connections allow for:
increased language development better hand-eye coordination better motor control increased cognitive ability
How does play contribute to physical development at this age?
Helps build muscles and coordination
Postconventional thought (Kohlberg)
decisions based on universal ethical principles
Do preschoolers understand what accidents are?
No; the child doesn’t understand others motives (still egocentric)
T/F: preschoolers begin to internalize feelings of competence and sense that they are capable
T; help them internalize by helping them be successful; provide activities that are a bit challenging but they can successfully accomplish
The ability to symbolically represent concrete objects, actions and events
symbolic thought/make-believe play
Should the preschool environment be noisy?
YES THEY”RE PLAYING
Behavior management vs. behavior modification
Bman-focus is on maintaining order; Less intense; rewards and working toward a goal; now we are viewing behavior more general; start with a specific behavior and observe/see how often it happens then start observing and rewarding Bmod-the focus is on changing behavior; positive reinforcement with goals and getting things for positive behavior (token economy)
Developing resilience, positive peer relationships, and self-control are just a few of the challenges confronting the early school-aged child
Preschool–building relationships beyond the family
T/F: tantrums are typical for 2 and 3 year olds, but should decline by age 4
T
the most advanced form of social and symbolic play
socio-dramatic play -imitation of real-life, drama, fantasy, role-playing -gives opportunity to act out relationships and the experiences of others
T/F: resilient children take positive action; they seek out opportunities to better their lives
T
Tantrums are made worse by
inconsistent discipline, parents being too overbearing or too protective, lack of parental attention, interference with play, parental marital or emotional problems, sibling rivalry, illness, hunger, thirst, speech problems, too much criticism
Risks to healthy preschool development
not resilience poor social skills technology (depends)