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Human Development > Ch 4: Infancy (Birth to 24 Months Old) > Flashcards

Ch 4: Infancy (Birth to 24 Months Old) Flashcards

1
Q

Breast milk should be the only nutrient fed to infants until ____

A

4-6 months of age

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2
Q

The AAP recommends breastfeeding for at least ____, and the WHO recommends for at least _____.

A

AAP – 1 year

WHO — 2 years

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3
Q

benefits to breastfeeding for infant

A

less diarrhea, fewer ear and urinary tract infections, fewer disease, lower obesity rate, lower incidences of SIDS

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4
Q

benefits to breastfeeding for mother

A

decreased postpartum bleeding, more rapid uterine involution, and decreased menstrual blood during mostly cycles

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5
Q

AAP recommends that juice not be introduced to infants younger than ____ of age

A

6 months

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6
Q

Solids should not be introduced to an infant until he or she is able to ____. Typically occurring between ____ of age.

A

sit alone and can grab for items to put into mouth; 4-6 months

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7
Q

How should simple basic foods be introduced to an infant ____ every ____

A

one at a time; every 2 to 3 days

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8
Q

Within _____ months of beginning solid foods, the infant’s daily diet can consist of _____.

A

2 to 3 months; breast milk, cereal, veggies, fruits and meats

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9
Q

Foods need to be ________ rather than in one sitting

A

spread throughout the course of the day

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10
Q

Infants and toddles grow in ____, meaning they grow for _____, often at night and then ___.

A

spurts; several days; rest

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11
Q

Physical development: at birth the ____ system if more developed than the ____ system.

A

sensory; motor

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12
Q

At birth the visual field depth is about ____

A

8 inches; the distance to a parent’s face when being held

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13
Q

T/F: baby only see black and white

A

true

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14
Q

Baby see color around ___

A

3 months

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15
Q

Babys prefer to look at _______, _____ oriented

A

faces; correctly

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16
Q

At ___ months able to distinguish genders

A

3 months

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17
Q

Fetus turns toward source of sound at ____ weeks.

A

20

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18
Q

T/F: able at birth to distinguish between mothers voice and others.

A

True

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19
Q

Taste buds form at ___ weeks and well formed before birth

A

12

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20
Q

T/F: newborns show preference regarding smells

A

True

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21
Q

T/F: newborns can’t distinguish between sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and savory

A

False

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22
Q

T/F: premature and high-risk infants gain more weight when their parents hold them skin-to-skin against their chests.

A

True

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23
Q

Moro reflect (startle reflex)

A

in reaction to a loud noise the baby throws out arms and legs, lengthens neck, and then drawn arms back into the chest

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24
Q

Rooting reflex or sucking reflex

A

Baby’s natural instinct to search for and suckle for nutrition

25
Q

Grasp reflex

A

Baby wraps fingers tightly around anything that touches palm

26
Q

Babies typically develop in the following order: (9)

A
  1. able to hold chest and head up while lying on stomach
  2. able to roll over
  3. able to sit with support
  4. able to sit alone
  5. able to crawl
  6. able to stand holding on to something
  7. able to walk when led
  8. able to stand alone
  9. able to walk alone
27
Q

T/F: newborn’s can discriminate speech sounds, and prefer mother’s voice.

A

True

28
Q

Babbling at around 5 months prerequisite for later speech. T/F

A

True

29
Q

T/F: it’s not important for parents to encourage or respond to babbling

A

False

30
Q

T/F: listening to TV and other media aids in language development

A

False

31
Q

define identity

A

a person’s self-definition that focuses on enduring traits of self

32
Q

T/F: infants learn who they are and how they are perceived by how they are treated

A

True

33
Q

define emotional development

A

a child’s ability to recognize, express, and regulate emotions

34
Q

define social referencing

A

the ability to observe and understand emotional cues of others and then to use those cues to guide personal behavior

35
Q

define temperament

A

an individual’s personality, disposition, and tendencies

36
Q

what are the 9 dimensions of temperament

A
  1. activity level
  2. biological rhythms
  3. approach/withdrawal
  4. mood
  5. intensity of reaction
  6. sensitivity
  7. adaptability
  8. distractibility
  9. persistence
37
Q

3 types of temperament

A

easy temperament
difficult temperament
slow to warm

38
Q

Which temperament?

cheerful, recover fairly quickly to changes in routine, have regular biological rhythms, are moderately active

A

Easy temperament

39
Q

Which temperament?

tend to be fussy, have intense emotional reactions, are fearful of new situations

A

Difficult temperament

40
Q

Which temperament?

are passive, need time to adjust to new situations, withdraw or negatively react to new situations

A

Slow to Warm

41
Q

The ability to regulate and attend to emotions and behaviors

A

self-regulation

42
Q

4 attachment styles

A
  1. Securely attached
  2. Anxious-resistant
  3. Avoidant-attached
  4. Disorganized-disoriented
43
Q

The emotional bond between the child and caregivers

A

Attachment

44
Q

Which attachment style?
Seem to feel safe and protected, seek parent after separation, go to the parent for comfort, feel safe to explore their environment, are more socially competent

A

Securely attached (easy temp kids)

45
Q

Which attachment style?
Are fearful to explore the environment, stay close to their caregiver because of the adult’s inconsistent responses to the child’s distress

A

Anxious-resistant (clingy kids)

46
Q

Which attachment style?
See caregivers as being unavailable; learn to suppress their negative emotions of distress; often struggle socially because they seem to prefer playing with objects rather then with people

A

Avoidant-attached (quite kids)

47
Q

Which attachment style?

Often appear dazed and confused when with caregiver, this behavior is typically a result of abuse or neglect

A

Disorganized-disoriented

48
Q

T/F: spoiled infants will later exhibit conduct problems and need to be taught to respect authority

A

F

49
Q

T/F: infants under 1 year of age can be spoiled

A

F

50
Q

T/F: the more responsive a parent is the less spoiled the baby will be

A

T

51
Q

T/F: children with secure attachments are more independent than those who are insecurely attached

A

T

52
Q

Positive attachment can be fostered by teaching parents to:

A

set up daily routines, encouraging them to respond to baby’s cues, follow baby’s cues

53
Q

Parents who struggle with bonding may also:

A

have emotional problems, have drug or alcohol problems, experience high levels of stress

54
Q

T/F: parents who are, themselves, products of insecure attachment may struggle with bonding

A

T

55
Q

What to look for in quality day care

A
  • characterists of caregiver
  • staffing ratios and turnovers
  • environment of setting
  • services provided
  • personal interactions with caregiver
56
Q

4 kinds of infant sleep patterns

A
  1. awake – eyes opening and closing
  2. active sleep – movement of arms, legs, irregular breathing, eye movement
  3. quite sleep – regular breathing, no REM
  4. transitional sleep –anything other then 1-3
57
Q

3 sleep management techniques

A
  1. Extinction (cry it out)
  2. Ferber method (modified/graduated extinction)
  3. Immediate responding
58
Q

As infants age, their duration of ___ sleep compared to ___ sleep increases

A

active; quite

Human Development (9 decks)

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