Ch 7 - DNA & Protein Synthesis

Question 0

DNA can….

Answer 0

Duplicate itself by, cell division or mitosis

Question 1

Every cell in ur body has-

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

–DNA

Question 2

Blueprint of ur body is-

Carries info needed for-

Answer 2

• DNA

- The repair of worn out parts and building of new ones.

Question 3

Blueprint message carried to different organelles of the cell by..

Answer 3

Chemical messages

Question 4

Approx. base pairs of DNA

Answer 4

3 billion pairs

Question 5

Unless you are an identical twin, your DNA is

Answer 5

One of a kind

Question 6

Mutations occur when…..

Answer 6

DNA within a chromosome is altered.

Question 7

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 7

-genetic mutation

Hard time carrying o2 but good for fighting malaria

Question 8

Chromosomes are made up of

Answer 8

protein and nucleic acids

Question 9

20 different amino acids that

Answer 9

Produce proteins- an almost infinite number of proteins maybe developed

Question 10

Nucleic acids

Answer 10

Large molecules,

Made up of nucleotides

Question 11

Nucleotides are made up of…

Answer 11

Phosphates, sugar molecule, and 1 of 4 different nitrogen bases.

Question 12

Using these 4 different nitrogen bases in different sequences

Answer 12

Code for al the info needed to develop all the protein and amino acid sequences

Question 13

Watson and crick

Answer 13

-double helix DNA

~>determined by use of x-ray diffraction

Question 14

4 nitrogen bases

Answer 14

Thymine - T
Guanine - G
Cytosine - C
Adenine -A

Question 15

Replication

Answer 15

DNA copy’s itself

-during S-phase of interphase

Question 16

Semi conservative replication

Answer 16

• When original DNA strand splits.

- Nucleotides fill remaining haves of DNA to make 2 identical strands.

Question 17

The original half is called….

The new ones is called….

Answer 17

Template

Complementary strand

Question 18

All cells have enzymes

Answer 18

(endonucleases) -natural genetic scissors

Question 19

Bacteria have special endonucleases called

Answer 19

Restriction enzymes -used in the lab genetic scissors

There are over 200 diff restriction enzymes

Question 20

The Ligase enzyme is….

Answer 20

A type of glue that can repair the damage done to DNA by restriction enzymes

Question 21

Recombinant DNA

Answer 21

From one species to another (glow in the dark monkey)

Question 22

Proteins are produced by

Answer 22

The ribosomes

-20 diff amino acids

Question 23

Made up of proteins

Answer 23

Cell membranes
Hair
Repair
Growth
Maintenance
Enzymes 
Antibodies
Hormones

Question 24

The order of DNA bases ultimately determines

Answer 24

The order that amino acids are arranged

Question 25

The role of DNA in protein synthesis:

Answer 25

All living organisms have A,T,C,G -proteins are generated from the order of amino acids which is determined by order of DNA bases.

Question 26

Oncogenes:

Answer 26

Gean that make you more Likely to get cancer. Cancer cells- often display nitrogen base substitution -arise cause of mutations that alter DNA

Question 27

Genome (gene pool)

Answer 27

All of the genes that occur in a population

Question 28

Hardy & Weinberg suggest | The gene pool or allel frequency would remain the same for many generations if there were these 5 constants-

Answer 28

``` Large populations Random mating No mutations No migrations Equal viability ``` This is not hardly possible. So the gene pool will change

Question 29

p

Answer 29

The frequency of the do infant allele

Question 30

q

Answer 30

He frequency of the recessive allele

Question 31

p2

Answer 31

Homozygous dominant genotype

Question 32

2pq

Answer 32

Heterozygous genotype

Question 33

q2

Answer 33

Homozygous recessive genotype

Question 34

Allele frequency

Answer 34

How many times an allele "a" shows up in a population)

Question 35

Genotypic frequency

Answer 35

He amount of times a genotype shows up in a population

Question 36

Three factors that bring about evolutionary change are:

Answer 36

1) mutations 2) gene flow 3) genetic drift

Question 37

Mutations

Answer 37

Randomly occurring events which effect the genetics of an individual or a population

Question 38

Gene flow

Answer 38

(Migration) - organisms move. Moving their genetics either into or out of a population.

Question 39

Genetic drift

Answer 39

(Genetics of a population changes due to chance) 1) founder effect-new population arises due to geographic isolation 2) bottleneck effect-new population arises due to a disaster or loss of #'s