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Bio 30 > Ch 2- The Nervous System And Homeostasis > Flashcards

Ch 2- The Nervous System And Homeostasis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

4 major functions of the nervous system

A

Orientation
Coordination
Assimilation
Instinctive acts

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1
Q

The nervous system

A

Continuous adjustment to the outside world

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2
Q

Orientation

A

To the external environment through the use of senses

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3
Q

Coordination

A

Dexterity through the use of voluntary muscles

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

Learning (speed reading)

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5
Q

Instinctive acts

A

Social interactions, survival, love

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6
Q

Facts about the brain

A

Weighs about 1.2 kg
Requires 20% of oxygen used
20% of blood your heart pumps
No sensation of pain

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7
Q

Two major divisions

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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8
Q

Central nervous system

A

Contains the brain and the spinal cord. (Involuntary)

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

All other nerves in the body

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10
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cell (only carry info one way)

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11
Q

Cells that conduct nerve impulses are called

A

Neurons

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12
Q

3 types of specialized neurones

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Inter neutron

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13
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry information towards the CNS from the environment

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14
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry impulses from the CNS to the body, telling muscles or effectors to react

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15
Q

Interneuron

A

Relay impulses in-between sensory and motor neurons. Found in the spinal cord

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16
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive info from the environment or from other neurones and send an Impulse on the cell body of the neuron

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17
Q

Cell body

A

Contains the nucleus and other organelles

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18
Q

Axon

A

Extensions of cytoplasm that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

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19
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulated covering over the axon of a neuron

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20
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Regularly occurring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon

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21
Q

Schwann cell

A

Special type of cells that produce myelin sheath

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22
Q

Neurilemma

A

Delicate membrane that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, promotes nerve regeneration

23
Q

Synapses

A

Small spaces between neurons or between neurons and effectors

24
Q

End plate

A

The end opposite the dendrites is called the end plate of the axon, this is where neurotransmitter are released

25
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A neurotransmitter making the postsynaptic neuron more permeable to Na+
Ex. Norepinephrine

26
Q

Cholinesteerage

A

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, closing the sodium channels. Released from the dendrite end.

27
Q

Neural circuits

A

Reflex arc. Controls reflexes, this occurs without the brain involvement. But the brain knows what is happening

28
Q

5 essential parts to a reflex arc

A 
Receptor
Sensory Neuron
InterNeuron 
Motor Neuron
Effector
29
Q

Receptor

A

Part of the body that receives the stimulus, there are many type.
Ex. Temp, Presser, Chemical, Photo(light)

30
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Carry messages from the body to the brain

31
Q

Interneuron

A

Within the spinal cord, relays between the sensory and motor neurons. Somewhat gauging if the impulse is an emergency or not

32
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Carries messages from the CNS to the body

33
Q

Effector

A

Carry out the action required, effectors are usually muscles

34
Q

Neuron

A

Can’t reproduce because there so specialized

Self propagating system

35
Q

The synapse process

A
  1. Acetylcholine from pre (axon end)
  2. Acetylcholine crosses gap, opens Na+ doors
  3. Floating Na+ enters (Neuron fires)
  4. Esterase close doors (breaks connection)
36
Q

The bridge that is constructed between the synapse is made by________
The bridge is Brocken by________

A

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase)

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary

38
Q

Responsible for stressfull situations

A

Sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

Responsible for returning the body back to normal state after a stressful situation

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

Central nervous system consists of

A

The brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Meninges

A

Protective coverings around brain and spinal cord

42
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Shock absorber

Carrying nutrients

43
Q

Spinal cord contains the

A

Reflex arc -used in emergency situations

44
Q

Cerebrum

A 
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Corpus callousm connects l+r cerebrum
45
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor areas control voluntary muscles

46
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Sensory areas of hearing and smell

47
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory info of touch, taste some memory

48
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

49
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Breathing/heart rate

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination (dexterity)/balance

Pons- connects l+r cerebellum

51
Q

Cerebrum

A 
Many functions
Memory's
Speech  
thinking 
voluntary movements 
Vv
52
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Tell pituitary what to do

-temp, sleep, hunger.

53
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Controls many other glands of the body

54
Q

12 cranial nerves (need to know 4)

A

Vagus- heart rate
Phrenic-lung rate
Olfactory-smell
Optic-sight

55
Q

Natural painkillers

A

Endorphins

56
Q

Opiates

A

Heroin, codeine, and morphine

Bio 30 (8 decks)

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