Ch 2- The Nervous System And Homeostasis

Question 0

4 major functions of the nervous system

Answer 0

Orientation
Coordination
Assimilation
Instinctive acts

Question 1

The nervous system

Answer 1

Continuous adjustment to the outside world

Question 2

Orientation

Answer 2

To the external environment through the use of senses

Question 3

Coordination

Answer 3

Dexterity through the use of voluntary muscles

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

Learning (speed reading)

Question 5

Instinctive acts

Answer 5

Social interactions, survival, love

Question 6

Facts about the brain

Answer 6

Weighs about 1.2 kg
Requires 20% of oxygen used
20% of blood your heart pumps
No sensation of pain

Question 7

Two major divisions

Answer 7

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 8

Central nervous system

Answer 8

Contains the brain and the spinal cord. (Involuntary)

Question 9

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 9

All other nerves in the body

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

Nerve cell (only carry info one way)

Question 11

Cells that conduct nerve impulses are called

Answer 11

Neurons

Question 12

3 types of specialized neurones

Answer 12

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Inter neutron

Question 13

Sensory neurons

Answer 13

Carry information towards the CNS from the environment

Question 14

Motor neurons

Answer 14

Carry impulses from the CNS to the body, telling muscles or effectors to react

Question 15

Interneuron

Answer 15

Relay impulses in-between sensory and motor neurons. Found in the spinal cord

Question 16

Dendrites

Answer 16

Receive info from the environment or from other neurones and send an Impulse on the cell body of the neuron

Question 17

Cell body

Answer 17

Contains the nucleus and other organelles

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

Extensions of cytoplasm that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 19

Myelin sheath

Answer 19

Insulated covering over the axon of a neuron

Question 20

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 20

Regularly occurring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon

Question 21

Schwann cell

Answer 21

Special type of cells that produce myelin sheath

Question 22

Neurilemma

Answer 22

Delicate membrane that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, promotes nerve regeneration

Question 23

Synapses

Answer 23

Small spaces between neurons or between neurons and effectors

Question 24

End plate

Answer 24

The end opposite the dendrites is called the end plate of the axon, this is where neurotransmitter are released

Question 25

Acetylcholine

Answer 25

A neurotransmitter making the postsynaptic neuron more permeable to Na+ Ex. Norepinephrine

Question 26

Cholinesteerage

Answer 26

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, closing the sodium channels. Released from the dendrite end.

Question 27

Neural circuits

Answer 27

Reflex arc. Controls reflexes, this occurs without the brain involvement. But the brain knows what is happening

Question 28

5 essential parts to a reflex arc

Answer 28

``` Receptor Sensory Neuron InterNeuron Motor Neuron Effector ```

Question 29

Receptor

Answer 29

Part of the body that receives the stimulus, there are many type. Ex. Temp, Presser, Chemical, Photo(light)

Question 30

Sensory Neuron

Answer 30

Carry messages from the body to the brain

Question 31

Interneuron

Answer 31

Within the spinal cord, relays between the sensory and motor neurons. Somewhat gauging if the impulse is an emergency or not

Question 32

Motor Neuron

Answer 32

Carries messages from the CNS to the body

Question 33

Effector

Answer 33

Carry out the action required, effectors are usually muscles

Question 34

Neuron

Answer 34

Can't reproduce because there so specialized | Self propagating system

Question 35

The synapse process

Answer 35

1. Acetylcholine from pre (axon end) 2. Acetylcholine crosses gap, opens Na+ doors 3. Floating Na+ enters (Neuron fires) 4. Esterase close doors (breaks connection)

Question 36

The bridge that is constructed between the synapse is made by________ The bridge is Brocken by________

Answer 36

Acetylcholine | Acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase)

Question 37

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 37

Involuntary

Question 38

Responsible for stressfull situations

Answer 38

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 39

Responsible for returning the body back to normal state after a stressful situation

Answer 39

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 40

Central nervous system consists of

Answer 40

The brain and spinal cord

Question 41

Meninges

Answer 41

Protective coverings around brain and spinal cord

Question 42

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 42

Shock absorber | Carrying nutrients

Question 43

Spinal cord contains the

Answer 43

Reflex arc -used in emergency situations

Question 44

Cerebrum

Answer 44

``` Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Corpus callousm connects l+r cerebrum ```

Question 45

Frontal lobe

Answer 45

Motor areas control voluntary muscles

Question 46

Temporal lobe

Answer 46

Sensory areas of hearing and smell

Question 47

Parietal lobe

Answer 47

Sensory info of touch, taste some memory

Question 48

Occipital lobe

Answer 48

Vision

Question 49

Medulla oblongata

Answer 49

Breathing/heart rate

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Coordination (dexterity)/balance | Pons- connects l+r cerebellum

Question 51

Cerebrum

Answer 51

``` Many functions Memory's Speech thinking voluntary movements Vv ```

Question 52

Hypothalamus

Answer 52

Tell pituitary what to do | -temp, sleep, hunger.

Question 53

Pituitary gland

Answer 53

Controls many other glands of the body

Question 54

12 cranial nerves (need to know 4)

Answer 54

Vagus- heart rate Phrenic-lung rate Olfactory-smell Optic-sight

Question 55

Natural painkillers

Answer 55

Endorphins

Question 56

Opiates

Answer 56

Heroin, codeine, and morphine