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Bio 30 > Ch 1- Endocrine system (hormones) > Flashcards

Ch 1- Endocrine system (hormones) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

It is your bodies attempt to adjust to the environment. -> balance in your body.

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1
Q

What temp, blood glucose % v and pH values dose the body best work at?

A

37* , 0.1% , and 7.35

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2
Q

Nervous system enables the body to______

While the endocrine system is designed to_____

A

Adjust quickly to changes in the environment.

Maintain control over long durations (slow).

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3
Q

What are Hormones?

A

~made of protein
~regulate by speeding up or slowing down certain processes
~only a small amount is needed to alter a cell
~blood carries hormones

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4
Q

Non-target hormones

A

Affect many cells or tissues throughout the body.

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5
Q

Target hormones

A

Affect only certain cells or tissues.

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6
Q

What is an Endocrine gland?

A

They are glands that secrete their hormones into the blood stream. They are located throughout the body.

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7
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes, and Hypothalamus.

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8
Q

Pituitary

A

Middle of head (just under brain) ~master gland

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9
Q

Thyroid

A

Base of neck (butterfly)

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10
Q

Parathyroid

A

4 nodes on thyroid

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11
Q

Thymus

A

Above heart

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12
Q

Adrenal

A

On top of kidneys

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13
Q

Pancreas

A

Under stomach

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

Lower abdomen (gonads)

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15
Q

Testes

A

In the scrotum (gonads)

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Above pituitary

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17
Q

Endo.

Exo.

A

In.

Out.

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18
Q

What are Exocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete substances anywhere else other then the bloodstream.

  • sweat
  • saliva
  • pancreas (buffers) (is both exo. and endo.)
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19
Q

The pituitary

A

Also called - the master gland.
Has control over the other endocrine glands.
Size of a peanut.
Is connected to the hypothalamus near the base of the brain.
Produces and stores hormones.

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20
Q

The pituitary gland consists of two lobes

A

Anterior: secretes and produces certain hormones
and
posterior: secretes (release) but dose not produces certain hormones

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21
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A 
HGH
TSH
ACTH 
FSH
LD
prolactin
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22
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamus makes theses.

ADH
oxytocin

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23
Q

HGH

A

Human growth hormone. ( none target )

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24
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone -> metabolism

25
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone -> adrenalin

26
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Girl =egg maturing
Boy=sperm production

27
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing hormone. Boys -testosterone girls -ovulation (gonadotropic)

28
Q

Prolactin

A

Produce milk (gonadotropic)

29
Q

ADH

A

Anti diuretic hormone (keep water)

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

Release milk. -> uterin contractions

31
Q

Induce labor

A
  1. Natural - the tramp
  2. The drip
  3. Gell on cervix
  4. Break the water
32
Q

Growth hormone, is a produced by________and promotes the_________

A

Anterior pituitary, and elongation of the skeleton

33
Q

Hypersecretion

A

~When too much HGH is released
Gigantism - bone plates not fused
Acromegaly - bone plates fused

34
Q

Hyposecretion

A

When too little HGH is released (low amount of HGH)
1 frolichs- the proportion are not right
2 primordial- like a doll

35
Q

Thyroid gland

A
  • Located in the base of the neck
  • Looks like a butterfly
  • It’s responsible for production and release of thyroxine and calcitonin
36
Q

Thyroxin

A

Increases metabolic rate.
60% is heat 40% is converted to energy.
TSH from pituitary stimulates the thyroid witch then release thyroxin into the blood.

37
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcium-in (cell)
Regulates amount of calcium in blood.
Let’s calcium into cell, decreasing amount of blood in calcium.

38
Q

Thyroid Disorders

A

Goitre
Caused by lack of iodine in diet.
So low thyroxine = high TSH = swollen overstimulated thyroid = goitre

39
Q

The Adrenal glands are made of……?

A

Two smaller glands,
Inner-adrenal medulla
Outer- adrenal cortex

40
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Produces epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

41
Q

Epinephrine

A

(adrenalin)

increases heart respiratory rate

42
Q

Norepinephrine

A

(Noradrenalin) —neurotransmitter [speeds up nervous system]

43
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

44
Q

Cortisol

A

Eventually increases blood glucose allowing for cell recovery and

Tissue repair.

45
Q

Aldosterone

A

-increases sodium retention in the kidney tubules
-causing water to follow staying in the body
(H20 retention)

46
Q

F (felp)

A

FSH -matures follicles

-from pituitary

47
Q

E (felp)

A

Estrogen- from maturing follicle

- BUILDS ENDOMETRIUM

48
Q

L (felp)

A

LH- from pituitary

- causes ovulation

49
Q

P (felp)

A

Progesterone- from corpusluteum (old follicles)

-keep endometrium there

50
Q

Parathyroid releases a hormone called

A

(PTH) parathyroid hormone.
It inhibits calcitonin
Blood calcium increasing

51
Q

Pancreas

A 
Both endo and exo 
Producing buffers (digestive tract and hormones that regulate blood sugars)
52
Q

The islets of langerhans are…

A

Cells in pancreas

That produce - insulin and glucagon

53
Q

Insulin

A

In-cell-in : decreases blood sugar
Muscles and liver become more permeable to glucose
Letting sugar into cells

Help maintain homeostasis

54
Q

Glucagon

A

Glucos-be-gone : increase blood sugar
Causes liver to release glucose

Help maintain homeostasis

55
Q

Diabetes

A

No cure
Affects 2 million Canadians
Caused by inability to produce insulin
If left untreated - blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, limb amputation and maybe death

56
Q

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

A

:high blood sugar

:low blood sugar

57
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

when pancreas cannot make insulin

Have to take insulin to live

58
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Decreased insulin production
Or ineffective use.
Can be controlled with diet (exercise and some drugs)

59
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Temporary diabetes

Happens in 3% of woman

60
Q

Testosterone

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis

Beginning of sperm production

Bio 30 (8 decks)

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