Ch 6 - Genes & Heredity

Question 0

Genes

Answer 0

Segment of DNA that controls a trait

Question 1

The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called?

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

Hybrids

Answer 2

Offspring that differ from their parents in one or more traits

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

• father of genetics

- experiments with garden peas.

Question 4

Mendel choose the garden pea because…

Answer 4

Had a number of different characteristics

Could both self fertilize and cross fertilize

Question 5

True-breeding

Answer 5

• Mendel tryed to use

- exhibit the same traits as their parents, same as in every following generation

Question 6

Dominant

Answer 6

Strong

Determines the expressed gene

Question 7

Recessive

Answer 7

Weak

Overruled by dominant genes

Question 8

F1 generation

Answer 8

The first generation

Filial generation

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Tt, TT, tt

Dominant- capital
Recessive-lowercase

Always use same letter.

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Observable traits

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Both genes are the same

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Genotype that are different

Question 13

Alleles

Answer 13

2 or more alternate forms of a gens

Red white

Question 14

Single - trait inheritance

Answer 14

Mono hybrid cross

Question 15

Punnnet square, is used to find…..

Answer 15

Genotype and phenotype

Question 16

Test cross

Answer 16

• determine the genotype of dominant phenotype

- preformed between the unknown genotype and homozygous recessive genotype

Question 17

Multiple alleles..

Answer 17

Most traits have more then two alleles (or options)

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

-when two genes are equally dominant and interact to produce a new phenotype

Question 19

Different types of incomplete dominance

Answer 19

• Intermediate inheritance

- Codominance

Question 20

Intermediate inheritance

Answer 20

When a totally different phenotype is expressed

Question 21

Codominance

Answer 21

When both genes are expressed at the same time.

Question 22

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 22

• use foil

- ratio 9:3:3:1 –both heterozygous for both and complete dominant

Question 23

Probability

Answer 23

Number of chances for an event / number of possible combinations

Question 24

When determining probabilities | 2 rules must be followed

Answer 24

1. The rule of independent events -pervious events don't effect future events 2. The product rule- multiply probabilities

Question 25

Selective breeding

Answer 25

The crossing of desired traits to produce offspring with these desired traits

Question 26

``` Gene interaction (Test cross) ```

Answer 26

Polygenetic traits Epistatic genes Pleiotropic genes

Question 27

Polygenetic traits

Answer 27

Inherited characteristics that are affected by more then one gene. -one gene doing more then one thing

Question 28

Epistaxis genes

Answer 28

Mask the expression of other genes

Question 29

Pleiotropic genes

Answer 29

Genes that affect many characteristics

Question 30

Thomas hunt Morgan

Answer 30

Provided a deeper understanding of gender and the inheritance of some characteristics

Question 31

Morgan observed...

Answer 31

Drosophila had 8 chromosomes -females had 4 homologous pairs -males had 3 homologous pairs And the 4th set (the sex chromosomes) were not homologous

Question 32

Morgan reasoned that..

Answer 32

Eye color of this fruit fly was a sex-linked trait -carried on the X or Y chromosomes

Question 33

Sex-linked traits are also found in humans

Answer 33

- Red-green color blindness - male pattern baldness - hemophilia :blood loss X-linked (more common) Y-linked (less common)

Question 34

The first 22 pairs are called..... The last pair is...

Answer 34

Autosomes Sex-chromosomes & determine gender

Question 35

Linked genes

Answer 35

- Genes located on the same chromosome | - tend to be transmitted together

Question 36

Crossing over

Answer 36

- during meiosis - come in contact with each other - genetic material is exchanged

Question 37

Mapping chromosomes -map distance

Answer 37

-The distance between two genes along the same chromosome Written as map units (separation) or cross-over frequencies The further apart the higher frequency of cross-overs

Question 38

Genome

Answer 38

Is the complete set of DNA in a person

Question 39

Gene therapy

Answer 39

Gene insertion Gene modification Gene surgery

Question 40

Gene insertion

Answer 40

The normal gene from Another cell is inserted into position on the diseased cell

Question 41

Gene modification

Answer 41

The defective gene is modified chemically -to recode the genetic message

Question 42

Gene surgery

Answer 42

Most ambitious | The defective gene is extracted and replaced with a normal gene