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Bio 30 > Ch. 5- Cell Division > Flashcards

Ch. 5- Cell Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Producing of offspring identical to themselves.

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1
Q

All life depends on…

A

The ability to reproduce and grow.

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Organisms share genetic info to create a new combination resulting in a unique individual.

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3
Q

The cell cycle.

A 
(P,M,A,T)-mitosis
Cytokinesis 
G1- growth
S-DNA replication
G2-growth
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4
Q

Single cell splits into two

A

Mother cell to two identical daughter cells.
They continue to divide
Making specialized cells

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5
Q

The cell cycle is made of a

A

division phase and an interphase

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6
Q

The division phase is composed of…

A

Mitosis and cytokines.

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7
Q

Interphase involves

A

Cell growth and DNA replication

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8
Q

Chromosome structure

A 
Sister chromatids 
Chromatid 
Centromere
Kinetochores 
---same DNA in each chromatid
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9
Q

Chromosomes contain both…

Called chromatin

A

DNA and proteins

Unduplicated or duplicated

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10
Q

Cell division

A

Interphase
During the G-phases the cell is growing
During the S phases, chromosomes go from Unduplicated to duplicated

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11
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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12
Q

Prophase

A

Cell begins to breakdown
Chromosomes begging condense, shorter, and thicker.
Spindle fibres and centrioles begin to form

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13
Q

Metaphase

A

2nd phase of mitosis
Chromosomes(made of sister chromatids) line up on the equator
Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes and centrioles
Chromosomes are entangled

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14
Q

Anaphase

A

3rd phase of mitosis

Centromeres are pulled apart and sister chromatids are separated

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15
Q

Telophase

A

Last phase of mitosis
Spindle fibres dissolve, nuclear membrane forms
Chromosomes begin to de-condense -disappear

16
Q

Cytokinesis

A

–Right after mitosis
The cytoplasm begins to divide
Pinching cell in half
Completing cel division

17
Q

Cell clock

A

Cells have a set number of divisions
-age of cells, a reason they stop dividing
Sperm and cancerous cell are the only two cells that divide endlessly

18
Q

Telomeres

A

Repeating segment on the end of DNA

19
Q

Cloning

A

Both clone and the parent have the exact same DNA

20
Q

Nature’s clones

A

Identical twins
Fraternal twins
Conjoined

21
Q

Identical twins

A

Originate from a single egg and a single sperm

22
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Originate from two eggs and two sperm

23
Q

Conjoined twins

A

Identical twins not completely separated

24
Q

Abnormal cell division

A

Cancer cells divide fast, Can divide in isolation
Some cells live longer
Some cells lost their ability to reproduce.

25
Q

Meiosis

A

Forms sex cells and gametes

26
Q

Diploid cell

A

2n =46

2 copies

27
Q

Meiosis involves

A

Two nuclear divisions

28
Q

Meiosis 1 is referred to as

A

Reduction division

Where 2n turns into n

29
Q

The formation of sex cells during meiosis is called

A

Gametogensis.
For female it’s called oogenesis.
For makes it’s called spermatogenesis

30
Q

Karyotype chart

A

Genetic map.

31
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Abnormal meiosis

Occurs when 2 homologous chromosomes or 2 sister chromatids fail to separate.

32
Q

Chromosomes 1-22 are…..

23 is……

A

…autosomes

Sex chromosomes

33
Q

Downs syndrome
Turners syndrome
Kleinfelters syndrome
Edwards syndrome

A

Trisomy 21
Monopsony 23 x_
Trisomy 23 xxy
Trisomy 18

34
Q

Alteration of gamerution

A

Organisms that alternate between diploids 2n and haploids n

35
Q

Negative reproduction

A

Asexual form of reproduction

Ex. Strawberries

36
Q

Fragmentation

A

Asexual

Hydra budding or starfish

37
Q

Parthogenisis

A

Asexual
Unfertalized egg becomes an individual
Ex. Honey bees

38
Q

Cloning

A
  • Need a egg and diploid
  • Enucleate both
  • Take egg cell and put the nucleuse from the diploid inside
  • shock cell
  • -surrogate mother

Bio 30 (8 decks)

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