ch 3 Special Senses

Question 0

Stimulus is a form of..

Answer 0

Energy, receptors change outside energy into nerve action potentials

Question 1

Sensory neurons convey…..

Answer 1

Environment & some internal stimuli to the CNS where it’s assimilated

Question 2

5 senses

Answer 2

Sight
Sound
Touch 
Taste 
Smell

Question 3

Sensory receptors are……..Highly modified dendrites

Answer 3

Taste
Smell
Pressure
Proprioceptor
Audio
Photo
Thermo
Pain

Question 4

Taste

Answer 4

Chemical detection with taste buds

Question 5

Smell

Answer 5

Chemical detection by olfactory cells

Question 6

Pressure

Answer 6

Movement of skin

Question 7

Proprioceptor

Answer 7

Spatial awareness, limbs

Question 8

Audio

Answer 8

Detect sound waves

Question 9

Photo

Answer 9

Detect wavelengths of light

Question 10

Thermo

Answer 10

Detect heat changes

Question 11

Pain

Answer 11

Protect us from environment

Question 12

Sensory adaptation

Answer 12

Occur when receptors become accustom to the stimulus.

Neuron ceases to fire & receptors become less sensitive

Question 13

Taste & smell

Answer 13

Work closely together to create the perception of taste

Question 14

Outer layer (eye)

Answer 14

Sclera- supports & protects (internal eye) white part

Cornea- refracts light to pupil (also protective covering)

Question 15

Middle layer

Answer 15

Aqueous humor
Choroid
Iris
Vitreous body
Lens
Pupil

Question 16

Aqueous humor

Answer 16

A liquid

Supplies the cornea w/ nutrients & refracts light

Question 17

Choroid (layer)

Answer 17

Contains pigments that prevent scattering of light in eye

Contains blood vessels that feed the diff structures

Question 18

Iris

Answer 18

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Question 19

Vitreous body (humor)

Answer 19

Keeps shape of eye
Permits light transmission to the retina

Irreplaceable!

Question 20

Lens

Answer 20

Focuses the image on the retina

Question 21

Pupil

Answer 21

Functions as a hole in the iris….controls the amount of light that enters as well

Question 22

Inner layer

Answer 22

Retina
Rods
Cones
Fovea centralis
Blind spot

Question 23

Retina

Answer 23

Contains the photoreceptors…..rods and cones

Question 24

Rods

Answer 24

Used for viewing dim (black and white) light there are approx. 125,000,000

Question 25

Cones

Answer 25

Identify color ... Approx 7 million

Question 26

Fovea centralis

Answer 26

Keenest vision. Most sensitive area of the retina Only cones

Question 27

Blind spot

Answer 27

Where the optic nerve attaches to the retina | No cones or rods

Question 28

Afterimages

Answer 28

Pos. (after u look at the sun, close ur eyes and still see bright spots) Neg. (look at bight colours they reverse in color when u look away)

Question 29

Focusing the image

Answer 29

Refraction Ciliary muscles & suspensory ligaments Accommodation

Question 30

Ciliary muscles & suspensory ligaments

Answer 30

Control the lens and the amount of light that enters

Question 31

Accommodation

Answer 31

The adjustment of the lens to objects near and far i - see close: muscles contact, lens round - see far: muscles relax, lens oval

Question 32

Color vision

Answer 32

Three different types of cones are found in the retina, each sensitive to one of blue, red, green. Color blind when one type is defective Red-green is most common

Question 33

Vision defects

Answer 33

``` Glaucoma -build up of aqueous humour Cataract -lens/cornea becomes cloudy Astigmatism Nearsightedness -eyeball is to long Farsightedness -eyeball is to short ```

Question 34

The ear has 2 main functions

Answer 34

Hearing | Equilibrium

Question 35

External ear

Answer 35

Pinna Auditory canal Ceruminous gland

Question 36

Pinnacle

Answer 36

(Auricle) | Amplifies sound by funnelling from large to narrow canals

Question 37

Auditory canal

Answer 37

(External auditory meatus) | Carries sounds waves to the tympanic membrane

Question 38

Ceremonious gland

Answer 38

Makes ear wax | -for protection

Question 39

Middle ear

Answer 39

Ossicles (m-anvil I-hammer s-stirrup) Tympanic membrane - ear drum Oval window - receives sounds waves de ossicles Eustachian tube- air filled, equalizes air pressure

Question 40

Inner ear

Answer 40

Vestibule- semicircular canals (keeps equilibrium) Semicircular canals- fluid filled info w/ equilibrium Cochlea- tube that converts sound waves to impulses Cochlear fluid- bathes the organ of corti Organ of corti- vibrations to impulses

Question 41

Two main components of balance

Answer 41

Static equilibrium | Dynamic equilibrium

Question 42

Static equilibrium

Answer 42

Involves movement on one plane Saccule, utricle, and otholiths help maintain

Question 43

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 43

Provide info during movement Semicircular canals detect direction of movement body adjusts to keep balance When fluid in semicircular moves continuous it may cause motion sickness