Ch 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures Flashcards
How are psychologists and intelligence linked?
- psychologists have been defining and determining intelligence since the early 20th century
Who came up with the first intelligence test?
- Binet and Simon
- developed the first standardized and normed test of intelligence to determine education placement
What is intelligence?
- intelligence is a person’s global capacity to act purposefully, to think in a rational manner, and to deal effectively with his or her environment
- ability to reason, plan solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience
- comprehending our surroundings
What are the three theories of intelligence?
- factor models: 2+ factors at more or less the same structural level
- hierarchical models: different levels of factors (higher-order composed of lower-order)
- information processing models: how brain processes and operates on info
What are some factor models of intelligence?
- Spearman’s: 2-factor model with g (global abilities) and s (specific abilities)
- Thurstone’s: primary mental abilities: spatial, perceptual, numerical, memory, verbal, word, reasoning, deduction, and induction
What are some hierarchical models of intelligence?
- Cattell-Horn-Carroll: g s comprised of fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
What are some information processing models of intelligence?
- Sternberg’s triarchic theory: componential, experiential, and contextual
- Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, spirtual, existential and moral
What are some factors that correlate with intelligence?
- genetic factors
- heredity and environment interact in complex ways to affect IQ
- quality of education and early schooling
- aerobic exercise (older adults)
- no sex differences
- small ethnic differences
What is the Flynn Effect?
- .33 increase in IQ points every year among Western societies
- flynn effect diminishing
- visuospatial abilities increased more than acquired knowledge
What are some possible reasons for the Flynn Effect?
- increase in human genetic variability
- improvements in educational systems
- improved nutrition
- greater parental involvement
- fewer severe childhood diseases
- rapid technological improvements
- increased cognitive complexity of most jobs
- more leisure time
Why do we assess intelligence in a clinical context?
- to identify possible impairments/weaknesses/strengths
- to identify appropriate learning environments
- to make recommendations for modifying work/home environments
- to determine whether current level of functioning is different than previously
What is abnormal about assessing intelligence?
- most commonly used measures of intelligence are only partially based on current models of intelligence
Who is Wechsler?
- studied under Spearman (g) and Pearson (r)
- intelligence examiner in WWI
What is the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence scale?
- 1st individual intelligence test for general child/adult population
- 1st to use deviation scores rather than mental/chronological age ratio
- equal weight to verbal and performance abilities
What revisions were made to the Wechsler-Bellevue intelligence scale?
- revisions made to original
- developed separate measures for preschoolers (WPPSI), children/youth (WISC) and adults (WAIS)
