Ch 15: Health, neuropsychology and forensic Flashcards
What is training for clinical psychology like?
- generalist base training for all subspecialties of clinical psychology
What do all clinical psychology professions rely on?
- knowledge of normal functioning
- research methods
- professional issues
- assessment
- diagnosis
- case formulation
- intervention
- working collaboratively with other health professionals
What is clinical health psychology?
- apply their knowledge and training in clinical psychology toward health promotion, treatment of disease, and rehabilitation
- based on health being affected by individual behaviours and habits and influenced by psychosocial stress
Where are clinical health psychologists employed?
- some jurisdictions require a person to have specialized knowledge to practice
- employed in hospital or community health settings
- some private practice and some government/policy
How does the WHO classify disability?
- based on biopsychosocial model as opposed to purely medical or social models
What is functioning?
- bodily functions
- activities
- participation
What is disability?
- impairment activity limitation
- participation restriction
How many people in Canada have disabilities?
- 14% of Canadians
- 3.8 million Canadians 15 and up
- disability rate increases with age (43% of adults over 75 report a disability)
What is the most common type of disability in Canada?
- related to pain (chronic)
- followed by flexibility and mobility
- 22% of canadians 18 years and older report experiencing chronic pain
What is acute pain?
- short term and useful signal
- due to injury and medical intervention
What is chronic pain?
- long term (>6 months)
- linked to sleep disturbance and psychological effects
What was and is believed about pain in infants?
- used to believe that infants and young children did not feel pain
- we now know they do feel pain
What are the ABCs of infant pain management?
- assess anxiety
- belly breath
- calm close cuddle
- distract your baby
What are some issues with insomnia?
- chronic insomnia is perpetuated by problematic behaviours and beliefs
- sleep disorders are often overlooked by psychologists
- pharmacological interventions can lead to poor quality of sleep, possible addiction and rebound insomnia on withdrawal of medication
What are the treatments for insomnia?
- pharmacological and psychological interventions produce comparable short-term effects, but psychological leads to better long-term outcomes
- CBT includes educational strategies, behavioural strategies and cognitive interventions
What do clinical neuropsychologists do?
- apply knowledge of brain-behaviour relationship to the assessment and remediation of neurological injury or illness
What types of problems do clinical neuropsychologists treat?
- genetic problems
- birth-related injuries
- head injuries
- brain tumors
- infections
What are the knowledge requirements of a neuropsychologist?
- neuroanatomy, physiology, pharmacology
- human neuropsychology and neuropathology
- neuropsychological assessment
- clinical and neuropsychological intervention techniques
- children and adolescents: developmental psychology
What schools offer accredited doctoral level clinical neuropsychological training?
- UVic and York
What are the activities of clinical neuropsychologists?
- assessment of memory, abstract reasoning, problem solving, emotional consequences, brain dysfunction and capacity (screening, diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring)
- treatment of those with brain injury, stroke or dementia (psychoeducation and cognitive rehabilitation)
What do forensic psychologists do?
- apply their training and knowledge in the legal and criminal justice systems and provide services to many stakeholders
- engage in prevention, assessment, treatment and research activities
Where are forensic psychologists employed?
- hospitals, private practice, court clinics, penitentiaries, jails, correctional centres etc.
What training do forensic psychologists have?
- PhD in clinical psychology and field training in forensic psychology
- Carleton, Dalhousie, Quebec a Trois Rivieres and Simon Fraser
What assessment do forensic psychologists do?
- of witnesses, victims, the accused and offenders
- of competence, credibility, risk of violence
Why do forensic psychologists do treatment?
- to address mental health issues
- to address criminal behaviour
