Ch. 7 Flashcards
Consciousness
Awareness of ourselves and our environment
Unconscious mind
Processes information simultaneously on multiple tracks
Biological rhythms
Periodic physiological fluctuations.
24 hour cycle
28 day cycle (menstrual)
90 minute sleep cycle
Circadian rhythm
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
Stage 1 of sleep
Transition from wakefulness to sleep. Usually lasts between 1-7 minutes. Half awake/half asleep. Hypnic jerk. Easy to wake up.
Stage 2 sleep
Onset of true sleep. Spindles in sleep cycle in EEG pattern. Delta waves may begin to show. Eyes move slow side to side.
Stage 3 of sleep
Muscle tensions, and heart rate continue to decline. EEG pattern, delta waves start to show more. Stage 3/4 are sometimes called slow wave sleep.
Stage 4 sleep
Delta sleep or slow wave sleep. EEG pattern has high amplitude and very low frequency. Delta waves are 50% at least of ERG pattern. Deepest stage of sleep. Most difficult to wake someone up. Sleepwalking, sleeptalking. Don’t remember it.
REM Sleep
Makes up approximately 20% of a persons sleep time. Persons eyes move rapidly. EEG pattern looks fast frequency and low amplitude which looks like beta waves. Heart rate and blood pressure raise 2x as when awake. Loses muscle tension and movement. Dreams occur here. You remember your dream when you wake up during REM.
Insomnia
Reoccurring problems of falling or staying asleep.
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.
Night terrors
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal(intensity) and an appearance of being terrified, unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep. Within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
Can anyone experience hypnosis?
To some extent, yes. Hypnotic “susceptibility or ability, is referred to as the ability to focus attention totally on a task, to become imaginatively absorbed in it.
Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
Most people believe we can, however 60 years of research will dispute the claims of age regression. Hypnotic memories combine fact it’s fiction. Hypnosis is not a psychology truth serum.
Can hypnosis force people to act against their will?
No! Hypnotists can lessen inhibitions, but cannot force people to perform acts that they wouldn’t do on a conscious level.
Can hypnosis alleviate pain?
Yes! When hypnotist a give the suggestion to feel no pain, the subjects report feeling little, if any pain. The surgical use of hypnosis has flourished in Europe especially.
Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
Yes! POSTHYPNOTIC SUGGESTION: a suggestion, made during hypnosis, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. Used to control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Divided-consciousness theory (attention is diverted from an aversive odor. How?)
Hypnosis has caused a split in awareness.
Social influence theory (attention is diverted from an aversive odor. How?)
The subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the odor.
Biological influences that explain hypnotism
Distinctive brain activity
No conscious info processing
Dissociation
A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
Tolerance
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect.
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
Physical dependence
A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
Psychological dependence
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
Addiction
Compulsive drug caring and use.
Depressants
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body function.
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
Opiates
Opium and it’s derivatives, such as morphine an heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
Stimulants
Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine Ecstasy Amphetamines Methamphetamine
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate the neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
Methamphetamine
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
Ecstasy (MDMA)
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic (“mind manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory imput.
LSD
A powerful hallucinogen drug; also known as acid.
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
Near-death experience
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
Dualism
The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.
Monism
The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing.
Sleep does what?
Recooperates, helps us remember, protects us, Etc
Activation synthesis
You have things happening during the day, and your dream puts them together and makes a weird story line.
Everyday forms of hypnosis
Reading, driving, etc
Posthypnotic suggestion
A suggestion, made during hypnosis, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. Used to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Tolerance
You have to use more and more of it to get the same effect as the first time.
Psychoactive drugs
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
