Ch. 6

Question 0

Selective Attention

Answer 0

Perception about objects change from moment to moment. We can perceive different forms of the necker cube; however we can only pay attention to one aspect of the object at a time.

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

Question 2

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 2

Listening to one voice among many.

Question 3

Inattentional blindness

Answer 3

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere. ( gorilla illusion )

Question 4

Change blindness

Answer 4

We sometimes fail to notice changes (they are blind to us), because our focus is elsewhere.

Question 5

Change deafness

Answer 5

You fail to notice certain sound because your focus is elsewhere.

Question 6

Choice blindness

Answer 6

You fail to notice a change in the choice that you made.

Question 7

Choice blindness-blindness

Answer 7

A blindness to the phenomena of choice blindness.

Question 8

Pop-out phenomenon

Answer 8

Stimuli that is so distinct that it demands our attention.

Question 9

Perceptual Illusions

Answer 9

Illusions provide good examples in understanding. Illusions reveal the ways we normally organize and interpret our sensations.

Question 10

Illusions

Answer 10

Reveal the way we normally organize and interpret our sensations.

Question 11

Visual capture

Answer 11

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

Question 12

Gestalt

Answer 12

Gestalt psychologists showed that a figure formed a “whole” different than its surroundings.

Question 13

Figure-Ground

Answer 13

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).

Question 14

Grouping

Answer 14

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

Question 15

Proximity

Answer 15

We group nearby figures together. Ex. A man and a women walking next to each other, we perceive them as a couple.

Question 16

Similarity

Answer 16

We group together figures that are similar to each other. Ex. People that look like each other, we perceive them as family members.

Question 17

Continuity

Answer 17

We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.

Question 18

Connectedness

Answer 18

Because they are uniform and linked, we perceive the two dots and the line between them as a single unit,

Question 19

Closure

Answer 19

We fill in the gaps to create a complete, whole object. Thus we assume that the circles are complete but partially blocked by the illusory triangle.

Question 20

Depth perception

Answer 20

Enables us to judge distances.

Question 21

Visual cliff

Answer 21

Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young children.

Question 22

Binocular cues

Answer 22

Depth cues such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes.

Question 23

Retinal disparity

Answer 23

By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity(distance) between the two images, the closer the object.

Question 24

Convergence

Answer 24

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes move inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

Question 25

Monocular cues

Answer 25

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

Question 26

Relative size

Answer 26

If two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away.

Question 27

Interposition

Answer 27

Objects that occlude (block) other objects tend to be perceived as closer.

Question 28

Relative clarity

Answer 28

Because light from distant objects passes through more light than closer objects, we perceive hazy objects to be farther away than those objects that appear sharp and clear.

Question 29

Texture gradient

Answer 29

Indistinct (fine) texture signals an increasing distance.

Question 30

Relative height

Answer 30

We perceive objects that are higher in out field of vision to be farther away than those that are lower.

Question 31

Relative motion

Answer 31

Objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation point, moving slower and in the same direction.

Question 32

Linear perspective

Answer 32

Parallel lines such as railroad tracks, appear to converge in the distance. The more the lines converge, the greater their perspective distance.

Question 33

Light and shadow

Answer 33

Nearby objects reflect more light into our eyes than most distance objects. Given two identical objects, the dimmer one appears to be farther away.

Question 34

Phi phenomenon

Answer 34

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.

Question 35

Perceptual consistency

Answer 35

Prcieving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.

Question 36

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 36

In vision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

Question 37

Perceptual set

Answer 37

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Question 38

Schema

Answer 38

A concept of framework that organizes and interprets information.

Question 39

Human factors psychology

Answer 39

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 40

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Answer 40

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input.

Question 41

Parapsychology

Answer 41

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.