ch 6 text

Question 1

schemes

Answer 1

These are actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

Question 2

in Piaget’s theory, behavioral schemes (physical activities) characterize

Answer 2

infancy and mental schemes (cognitive activities) develop in childhood

Question 3

babies schemes are

Answer 3

tructured by simple actions that can be performed on objects, such as sucking, looking, and grasping.

Question 4

adult schemes

Answer 4

complex,
anging from driving a car to balancing a budget to the concept of fairness

Question 5

assimilation

Answer 5

occurs when children incorporate new experiences into existing schemes

Question 6

accommodation

Answer 6

occurs when children adjust their schemes to account for new information and experiences.

Question 7

what ages to assimilation and accommodation?

Answer 7

basically from birth to death

Question 8

organization

Answer 8

the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system.

Question 9

organization and development

Answer 9

Continual refinement of this organization is an inherent part of development.

Question 10

In trying to understand the world, the child inevitably experiences cognitive conflict, or

Answer 10

disequilibrium

Question 11

why do kids constantly assimilate and accommodate

Answer 11

to seek equilbrium

Question 12

equlibrium

Answer 12

mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next

Question 13

sensorimotor stage last from

Answer 13

birth to 2 years of age

Question 14

sensorimotor six substages

Answer 14

-simple reflexes
-first habits/primary circular reactions
-secondary circular reaction
-cordination of 2ndry circ rxtn
-tertiary circ reaction/ novelty, curiosity
-internalization of schemes

Question 15

simple reflexes

Answer 15

1st month after birth
sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviors such as rooting and sucking

Question 16

primary circular reaction

Answer 16

1-4 months
attempt to reproduce an event that initially occurred by chance.
like trying to suck fingers

Question 17

habits and circular reactions

Answer 17

stereotyped
infant repeats same thing each time

Question 18

2ndary circular reactions

Answer 18

4-8 months
infant becomes more object oriented, moving beyond preoccupation with the self

Question 19

Secondary circular reactions example

Answer 19

By chance, an infant might shake a rattle. The infant repeats this action for the sake of its fascination.

Question 20

coordination of 2ndary circular reaction

Answer 20

8-12 months
infant must coordinate vision and touch, hand and eye

Question 21

tertiary circular reactions

Answer 21

12-18 months
infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things that they can make happen to objects.
purposefully explores stuff

Question 22

internalization of schemes

Answer 22

18-24 months
the infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols. For Piaget, a symbol is an internalized sensory image or word that represents an event.

Question 23

object permanence

Answer 23

object continue to exist even if you cant see them

Question 24

piaget view of infant main task

Answer 24

coordinate their sensory impressions with their motor activity

Question 25

piaget substage criticism

Answer 25

certain processess are not crucial to move on to the next

Question 26

a not b error

Answer 26

This error occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) of an object rather than its new hiding place (B) as they progress into substage 4 in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

Question 27

Gibson and spelke argue

Answer 27

infants perceptual ability are highly developed early in life

Question 28

Spelke puppet experiement shows

Answer 28

4 months of age, infants expect objects to be solid and continuous, but not obey gravity

Question 29

core knowledge approach

Answer 29

infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems. Among these domain-specific knowledge systems are those involving space, number sense, objects

Question 30

what is innate knowledge from

Answer 30

evolution

Question 31

johnson take on spelke experiment

Answer 31

the infants already have accumulated hundreds, and in some cases even thousands, of hours of experience in grasping what the world is about

Question 32

According to Johnson (2008), infants likely come into the world

Answer 32

with “soft biases to perceive and attend to different aspects of the environment, and to learn about the world in particular ways

Question 33

many researchers conclude that Piaget wasn’t

Answer 33

specific enough about how infants learn about their world and that infants

Question 34

pre operational stage

Answer 34

children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. They form stable concepts and begin to reason

Question 35

operations

Answer 35

reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they previously could do only physically

Question 36

symbolic function stage age

Answer 36

first substage of preoperational thought, occurring roughly between the ages of 2 and 4.

Question 37

symbolic function stage

Answer 37

gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present

Question 38

egocentrism

Answer 38

inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective.

Question 39

piaget stage 3

Answer 39

concrete opperational thot

Question 40

concrete opperational thot

Question 43

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