Ch 6: Quizes Flashcards
In punishment, a behavior is followed by a consequence; as a result, the behavior _______ is likely to occur in the future.
less
A(n) _______ is a consequence that follows a behavior and makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future.
punisher or aversive stimulus
In positive punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior.
delivered or added
A child sticks her finger in an electrical socket and get shocked. As a result, the child never sticks her finger in a socket again. This is an example of _______ punishment.
positive
Negative punishment involves _______ (withholding/removing) a reinforcer when the behavior occurs, and extinction involves _______ (withholding/removing) the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs.
removing, withholding
_______ is considered a generalized conditioned punisher.
the word “no”
A(n) _______ is an event or condition that makes a consequence more effective as a punisher.
establishing operation
Provide an example of a common conditioned punisher.
the word “no,” a warning a facial expression or statement of disapproval
Provide an example of an unconditioned punisher.
painful stimulation or an extreme level of stimulation
Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost are examples of _______ punishment.
negative
_______ is defined as the process in which a behavior is followed by a consequence, and as a result, the behavior is less likely to occur in the future.
punishment
In negative punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior.
removed
A child holds a baseball card out the window as he is riding in a car, and the card flies away. As a result, he never holds a baseball card out the window of the car again. This is an example of _______ punishment.
negative punishment
_______ involves withholding the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs, and _______ involves removing a reinforcer when the behavior occurs.
extinction, negative punishment
When a stimulus is paired with a punisher, it becomes a(n) _______ punisher.
conditioned
Painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation are _______ punishers.
unconditioned
People who experience or observe punishment are _______ (more/less) likely to use punishment themselves.
more
If punishment is applied on an intermittent schedule, it is _______ (more/less) likely to be effective.
less
The use of punishment is _______ (positively/negatively) reinforcing to the person implementing it.
negatively
Identify the five problems associated with the use of punishment.
- emotional reactions to punishment
- escape and avoidance
- negative reinforcement for the use of punishment
- modeling the use of punishment
- ethical issues
Punishment is a process that ______ behavior, and reinforcement is a process that behavior.
weakens or decreases, strenghtens or increases
The stimulus that is applied after the behavior in positive punishment is a(n) _______.
aversive
The stimulus that is removed after the behavior in negative punishment is a(n) _______.
reinforcer
______ involves the delivery of an aversive stimulus after the behavior.
Positive punishment
_______ involves the removal of an aversive stimulus after the behavior.
Negative reinforcement
______ involves the delivery of a reinforcer after the behavior.
Positive reinforcement
________ involves the removal of a reinforcer after the behavior.
Negative punishment
Alice climbed the fence to get into the apple orchard. The fence was electrified and gave her a shock. As a result, she climbs the fence frequently.
This is an example of ________.
Positive reinforcement
Billy hit his sister and his mom took away his allowance for a week. As a result, he stopped hitting his sister.
This is an example of _______.
Negative punishment
Francine has a bad rash that itches terribly. When she scratches it, the itch goes away. As a result, she frequently scratches her rash.
This is an example of _______.
Negative reinforcement
