Ch 6: Quizes

Question 1

In punishment, a behavior is followed by a consequence; as a result, the behavior _______ is likely to occur in the future.

Answer 1

less

Question 2

A(n) _______ is a consequence that follows a behavior and makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future.

Answer 2

punisher or aversive stimulus

Question 3

In positive punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior.

Answer 3

delivered or added

Question 4

A child sticks her finger in an electrical socket and get shocked. As a result, the child never sticks her finger in a socket again. This is an example of _______ punishment.

Answer 4

positive

Question 5

Negative punishment involves _______ (withholding/removing) a reinforcer when the behavior occurs, and extinction involves _______ (withholding/removing) the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs.

Answer 5

removing, withholding

Question 6

_______ is considered a generalized conditioned punisher.

Answer 6

the word “no”

Question 7

A(n) _______ is an event or condition that makes a consequence more effective as a punisher.

Answer 7

establishing operation

Question 8

Provide an example of a common conditioned punisher.

Answer 8

the word “no,” a warning a facial expression or statement of disapproval

Question 9

Provide an example of an unconditioned punisher.

Answer 9

painful stimulation or an extreme level of stimulation

Question 10

Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost are examples of _______ punishment.

Answer 10

negative

Question 11

_______ is defined as the process in which a behavior is followed by a consequence, and as a result, the behavior is less likely to occur in the future.

Answer 11

punishment

Question 12

In negative punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior.

Answer 12

removed

Question 13

A child holds a baseball card out the window as he is riding in a car, and the card flies away. As a result, he never holds a baseball card out the window of the car again. This is an example of _______ punishment.

Answer 13

negative punishment

Question 14

_______ involves withholding the reinforcer for the behavior when the behavior occurs, and _______ involves removing a reinforcer when the behavior occurs.

Answer 14

extinction, negative punishment

Question 15

When a stimulus is paired with a punisher, it becomes a(n) _______ punisher.

Answer 15

conditioned

Question 16

Painful stimuli or extreme levels of stimulation are _______ punishers.

Answer 16

unconditioned

Question 17

People who experience or observe punishment are _______ (more/less) likely to use punishment themselves.

Answer 17

more

Question 18

If punishment is applied on an intermittent schedule, it is _______ (more/less) likely to be effective.

Answer 18

less

Question 19

The use of punishment is _______ (positively/negatively) reinforcing to the person implementing it.

Answer 19

negatively

Question 20

Identify the five problems associated with the use of punishment.

Answer 20

1. emotional reactions to punishment
2. escape and avoidance
3. negative reinforcement for the use of punishment
4. modeling the use of punishment
5. ethical issues

Question 21

Punishment is a process that ______ behavior, and reinforcement is a process that behavior.

Answer 21

weakens or decreases, strenghtens or increases

Question 22

The stimulus that is applied after the behavior in positive punishment is a(n) _______.

Answer 22

aversive

Question 23

The stimulus that is removed after the behavior in negative punishment is a(n) _______.

Answer 23

reinforcer

Question 24

______ involves the delivery of an aversive stimulus after the behavior.

Answer 24

Positive punishment

Question 25

_______ involves the removal of an aversive stimulus after the behavior.

Answer 25

Negative reinforcement

Question 26

______ involves the delivery of a reinforcer after the behavior.

Answer 26

Positive reinforcement

Question 27

________ involves the removal of a reinforcer after the behavior.

Answer 27

Negative punishment

Question 28

Alice climbed the fence to get into the apple orchard. The fence was electrified and gave her a shock. As a result, she climbs the fence frequently.

This is an example of ________.

Answer 28

Positive reinforcement

Question 29

Billy hit his sister and his mom took away his allowance for a week. As a result, he stopped hitting his sister.

This is an example of _______.

Answer 29

Negative punishment

Question 30

Francine has a bad rash that itches terribly. When she scratches it, the itch goes away. As a result, she frequently scratches her rash.

This is an example of _______.

Answer 30

Negative reinforcement