Ch 3 Test: Graphing Behavior and Measuring Change

Question 1

In behavior modification, the main way to document behavior change is through the use of a(n):

Answer 1

graph

Question 2

The two variables represented on a graph are: a) the independent and dependent variables b) time and behavior c) the extraneous and controlling variables d) frequency and outcome

Answer 2

b

Question 3

A data point on a graph tells you: a) when the behavior was recorded b) the level of behavior c) what is causing the behavior d) A and B

Answer 3

d

Question 4

The horizontal axis in a graph is used to record:

Answer 4

time

Question 5

The level of the target behavior is recorded on the: a) horizontal axis b) vertical axis c) x-axis d) abscissa

Answer 5

b

Question 6

There are ________ components necessary for a graph to be complete.

Answer 6

six

Question 7

On a graph ___________ is indicated on the Y axis and ________________ is indicated on the X axis.

Answer 7

behavior, time

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT necessary for a graph to be complete? a) phase lines b) data points c) x-axis and y-axis d) behavior change

Answer 8

d

Question 9

A vertical line on a graph indicating a change in treatment is called a:

Answer 9

phase line

Question 10

Which dimension(s) of behavior can be graphed? a) frequency b) duration c) intensity d) all of these

Answer 10

d

Question 11

In behavior modification, a research design is used to:

Answer 11

determine if the treatment changed the behavior

Question 12

Billy has trouble sitting still in class, so his teacher implements a program in which she praises Billy for staying in his seat. Billy’s sitting behavior increases, and the teacher concludes her praise was responsible. The teacher does not realize Billy has started taking medication that causes fatigue. The medication would be an example of a(n) __________ variable.

Answer 12

extraneous

Question 13

An A-B design does not demonstrate a functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior because there is no:

Answer 13

replication

Question 14

A researcher demonstrates that receiving gold stickers for completing math problems increases the number of problems that a student finishes. The researcher has demonstrated a _____________ relationship between receiving gold stickers and completing math problems.

Answer 14

functional

Question 15

In behavior modification, a research design involves: a) estimation b) treatment implementation c) replication d) B and C

Answer 15

d

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an A-B design? a) it is used to compare baseline and treatment b) it is used in applied settings c) it demonstrates a functional relationship d) it is the simplest type of design

Answer 16

c

Question 17

A teacher records the biting behavior of a child before and after treatment is implemented. This is an example of a(n) ____________ design.

Answer 17

A-B

Question 18

Which research design is referred to as a reversal design? a) A-B b) A-B-A-B c) Multiple-baseline d) Changing-criterion

Answer 18

b

Question 19

In an A-B-A-B design, B refers to ______________ and A refers to _________________.

Answer 19

treatment, baseline

Question 20

What should be taken into account before using an A-B-A-B design? a) Is it ethical to remove treatment? b) Can treatment be removed? c) Will the level of behavior reverse? d) all of these

Answer 20

d

Question 21

Which of the following is a type of multiple-baseline design? a) across-subjects b) across- staff c) across-time d) all of these

Answer 21

a

Question 22

A researcher records the hair pulling behavior of three different children in a classroom and implements treatment at a different time for each child. The researcher is using a(n) _____________ design.

Answer 22

multiple-baseline-across-subjects

Question 23

A researcher is interested in measuring the hitting and screaming behaviors of a child, treating the hitting first, and treating the screaming later. To do this, the researcher would use a(n) ____________ design.

Answer 23

multiple-baseline-across-behaviors

Question 24

A researcher records a child’s crying behavior when the child is at school and when the child is at home and provides treatment at school then at home. The researcher is using a(n) _____________ design.

Answer 24

multiple-baseline-across-settings

Question 25

A critical feature of multiple-baseline designs is that: a) baselines differ in length b) treatment is staggered over time c) A and B d) none of these

Answer 25

c

Question 26

In a(n) _____________ research design, baseline and treatment conditions are conducted in rapid succession and compared to each other.

Answer 26

alternating-treatments

Question 27

The research design in which there are increasing (or decreasing) goal levels for the target behavior is referred to as a(n) ____________ design.

Answer 27

changing-criterion

Question 28

Which research design does NOT control for the effect of confounding variables?

Answer 28

A-B

Question 29

To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures self-injurious behavior while giving a subject the drug on even numbered days and giving a placebo on odd numbered days for two weeks. This is an example of a(n) ____________________ design.

Answer 29

alternating treatments

Question 30

To determine whether a new drug decreases self-injurious behavior, the researcher measures the self-injurious behavior of 3 children, and then gives the drug to the first child after one week. After two weeks of baseline, the second child gets the drug and after 3 weeks of baseline, the third child gets the drug. This is an example of a(n)___________ design.

Answer 30

multiple baseline across subjects

Question 31

A ________ is a visual representation of the occurrence of a behavior over time.

Answer 31

graph

Question 32

On a graph in behavior modification, the _____ axis shows the level of the behavior.

Answer 32

Y

Question 33

On a graph in behavior modification, the _____ axis shows the units of time.

Answer 33

X

Question 34

In an A-B design, A= _________ and B= __________.

Answer 34

baseline; treatment

Question 35

In a multiple baseline across subjects design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s) of __________ subject(s).

Answer 35

one; two or more

Question 36

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for __________ behavior(s) of __________ subject(s).

Answer 36

two or more; one

Question 37

In a multiple baseline across settings design, there is a baseline and treatment phase for ________ behavior(s) of _________ subject(s) in __________ setting(s).

Answer 37

one; one; two or more

Question 38

In a __________________ research design, baseline and treatment sessions occur in rapid succession.

Answer 38

alternating treatment

Question 39

In a(n) __________________ research design, there is a baseline phase followed by a treatment phase and then another baseline and treatment phase.

Answer 39

A-B-A-B

Question 40

In a(n) ___________________ research design, there is a baseline and a treatment phase and, in the treatment phase, there are different criterion levels for the behavior.

Answer 40

changing criterion

Question 41

T or F

The units of behavior are labeled on the Y axis of a graph.

Answer 41

T

Question 42

T or F

Data points should be connected across phase lines.

Answer 42

F

Question 43

T or F

A-B designs are frequently used in behavior modification research.

Answer 43

F

Question 44

T or F

In the A-B-A-B reversal design, baseline and treatment are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.

Answer 44

T

Question 45

T or F

Phase labels on a graph are typically put below the X axis.

Answer 45

F

Question 46

T or F

In a multiple baseline across behaviors design, treatment is first implemented for one behavior of the subject and is then implemented later for a second behavior of the same subject.

Answer 46

T

Question 47

T or F

A functional relationship between the treatment and the behavior is demonstrated in a multiple baseline across subjects design when the behavior of each subject changes only after the treatment is implemented for that subject.

Answer 47

T

Question 48

T or F

In an alternating treatments design, the baseline is implemented for a long period of time and then the treatment is implemented for a long period of time.

Answer 48

F

Question 49

T or F

Each data point on a graph shows you the level of the behavior at a particular point in time.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

T or F

When you demonstrate that a behavior modification procedure caused a behavior to change, you are demonstrating a functional relationship.

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Does the A-B design demonstrate a functional relationship? Why or why not?

Answer 51

• No.
• You determine that a functional relationship exists when the target behavior changes if and only if the procedure is implemented and the process is repeated one or more times.
• There is no replication in an AB design.

Question 52

What does it mean to say that treatment is staggered in a multiple baseline design?

Answer 52

Treatment is implemented at different times over time.