Ch 4: Quizes

Question 1

A(n) _______ behavior is strengthened through the process of reinforcement.

Answer 1

operant

Question 2

When a person has recently had a large amount of a reinforcer, will the reinforcer be more or less potent at that time?

Answer 2

less

Question 3

_______ reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior followed by the addition of a stimulus, and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future.

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

_______ reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior followed by the removal of a stimulus, and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future.

Answer 4

negative

Question 5

What are three of the five factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement?

Answer 5

immediacy, contingency, motivating operations, individual differences, magnitude of reinforcer

Question 6

A(n) _______ reinforcer became established as a reinforcer by being paired with another reinforcer.

Answer 6

conditioned

Question 7

All of the schedules of reinforcement that are in effect for a person’s behaviors at one time are called

Answer 7

concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Question 8

The reinforcer is delivered after every response describes

Answer 8

continuous reinforcement or CRG

Question 9

The reinforcer is delivered after an average of x responses describes

Answer 9

variable ratio or VR

Question 10

The reinforcer is delivered for the first response after x amount of time describes

Answer 10

fixed interval or FI

Question 11

A consequence that strengthens operant behavior is a(n) _______.

Answer 11

reinforcer

Question 12

When a person has not had a particular reinforcer for a long time, will the reinforcer be more
or less potent at that time?

Answer 12

more

Question 13

When Todd gets mosquito bites on his body, he puts medication on the bites and the medication relieves the itching. As a result, Todd is more likely to put medication on his mosquito bites. This an example of _______ (positive/negative) reinforcement.

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

When Frida knocks down her little brother, she gets scolded by her parents. As a result, she is more likely to knock down her little brother. This is an example of _______ (positive/ negative) reinforcement.

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

Escape and avoidance behavior are two types of behaviors that are maintained by _______ (positive/negative) reinforcement.

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

A continuous reinforcement schedule is used for _______ (acquisition/ maintenance) of behavior.

Answer 16

acquisition

Question 17

The stimulus that is removed after the behavior in negative reinforcement is called a(n) _______ stimulus.

Answer 17

aversive

Question 18

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement both behavior. Identify the following schedules of reinforcement (CRF, FR, VR, FI, or VI):

Answer 18

strengthen or increase

Question 19

_______ A reinforcer is delivered after x responses.

Answer 19

fixed ratio / FR

Question 20

_______ A reinforcer is delivered for the first response after an average of x amount of time.

Answer 20

variable interval or VI

Question 21

An operant behavior is strengthened through the process of

Answer 21

reinforcement

Question 22

What is the schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered after every response?

Answer 22

continuous reinforcement or CRF

Question 23

What is the schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is not delivered after every response?

Answer 23

intermittent reinforcement

Question 24

Deprivation makes a reinforcer ________________ (more/less) potent.

Answer 24

more

Question 25

Satiation makes a reinforcer ________________ (more/less) potent.

Answer 25

less

Question 26

In what way are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement alike?

Answer 26

they both strengthen/increase behavior

Question 27

In negative reinforcement, a(n) ________________ is removed following the behavior.

Answer 27

averse stimulus

Question 28

In positive reinforcement a(n) ________________ is delivered following the behavior.

Answer 28

reinforcer

Question 29

Shae checks her e-mail periodically throughout the day. E-mail messages come at unpredictable intervals so Shae never knows when she will have an e-mail. Shae’s behavior of checking her e-mail is reinforced on what schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 29

variable interval or VI

Question 30

Rob is a telemarketer and makes phone calls in an attempt to sell a product. Rob never knows when someone will agree to buy the product, but he must make an average of 13 calls to make a sale. Rob’s behavior of making calls is reinforced on what schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 30

variable ration or VR