Ch 4: Quizes Flashcards
A(n) _______ behavior is strengthened through the process of reinforcement.
operant
When a person has recently had a large amount of a reinforcer, will the reinforcer be more or less potent at that time?
less
_______ reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior followed by the addition of a stimulus, and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future.
positive
_______ reinforcement is defined as the occurrence of a behavior followed by the removal of a stimulus, and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future.
negative
What are three of the five factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement?
immediacy, contingency, motivating operations, individual differences, magnitude of reinforcer
A(n) _______ reinforcer became established as a reinforcer by being paired with another reinforcer.
conditioned
All of the schedules of reinforcement that are in effect for a person’s behaviors at one time are called
concurrent schedules of reinforcement
The reinforcer is delivered after every response describes
continuous reinforcement or CRG
The reinforcer is delivered after an average of x responses describes
variable ratio or VR
The reinforcer is delivered for the first response after x amount of time describes
fixed interval or FI
A consequence that strengthens operant behavior is a(n) _______.
reinforcer
When a person has not had a particular reinforcer for a long time, will the reinforcer be more
or less potent at that time?
more
When Todd gets mosquito bites on his body, he puts medication on the bites and the medication relieves the itching. As a result, Todd is more likely to put medication on his mosquito bites. This an example of _______ (positive/negative) reinforcement.
negative
When Frida knocks down her little brother, she gets scolded by her parents. As a result, she is more likely to knock down her little brother. This is an example of _______ (positive/ negative) reinforcement.
positive
Escape and avoidance behavior are two types of behaviors that are maintained by _______ (positive/negative) reinforcement.
negative
A continuous reinforcement schedule is used for _______ (acquisition/ maintenance) of behavior.
acquisition
The stimulus that is removed after the behavior in negative reinforcement is called a(n) _______ stimulus.
aversive
Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement both behavior. Identify the following schedules of reinforcement (CRF, FR, VR, FI, or VI):
strengthen or increase
_______ A reinforcer is delivered after x responses.
fixed ratio / FR
_______ A reinforcer is delivered for the first response after an average of x amount of time.
variable interval or VI
An operant behavior is strengthened through the process of
reinforcement
What is the schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered after every response?
continuous reinforcement or CRF
What is the schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is not delivered after every response?
intermittent reinforcement
Deprivation makes a reinforcer ________________ (more/less) potent.
more
Satiation makes a reinforcer ________________ (more/less) potent.
less
In what way are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement alike?
they both strengthen/increase behavior
In negative reinforcement, a(n) ________________ is removed following the behavior.
averse stimulus
In positive reinforcement a(n) ________________ is delivered following the behavior.
reinforcer
Shae checks her e-mail periodically throughout the day. E-mail messages come at unpredictable intervals so Shae never knows when she will have an e-mail. Shae’s behavior of checking her e-mail is reinforced on what schedule of reinforcement?
variable interval or VI
Rob is a telemarketer and makes phone calls in an attempt to sell a product. Rob never knows when someone will agree to buy the product, but he must make an average of 13 calls to make a sale. Rob’s behavior of making calls is reinforced on what schedule of reinforcement?
variable ration or VR
