Ch. 6 - Plant nutrition

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

Taking in useful substances

Question 2

How does nutrition work in plants?

Answer 2

They can make their own nutrients from inorganic substances

Question 3

What is the process by which plants make carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 4

A green pigment

Question 5

What is chlorophyll used for?

Answer 5

To capture energy from sunlight

Question 6

Where does energy from sunlight go to?

Answer 6

To water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules and makes them react

Question 7

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 8

What happens to the oxygen?

Answer 8

Gets released into the atmosphere/water (if aquatic plant)

Question 9

What is glucose used for?

Answer 9

1. Energy
2. Storing
3. Making sucrose
4. Making cellulose
5. Making nectar
6. Making aminoacids
7. Making other substances

Question 10

Glucose as energy?

Answer 10

Glucose used for many activities of cells (such as moving mineral ions into root hairs, building proteins)

Question 11

Glucose for storing?

Answer 11

Turned it into starch, form starch grains, insoluble in water (don’t affect reactions), can be broken down back to glucose

Question 12

Glucose for sucrose?

Answer 12

Glucose transforms into sucrose (larger) moved into tubes called phloem tubes

Question 13

What are the phloem tubes?

Answer 13

Tubes used to move sucrose

Question 14

Glucose for cellulose?

Answer 14

Glucose molecules linked to form cellulose (used for cell wall)

Question 15

Glucose for nectar?

Answer 15

Glucose used to make nectar and attract pollinators

Question 16

Glucose for amino acids?

Answer 16

Glucose used to make amino acids

Question 17

What else is needed to make amino acids?

Answer 17

Source of nitrogen found in nitrate ions (in soil)

Question 18

Glucose for chlorophyll?

Answer 18

Glucose can be used to make chlorophyll

Question 19

What does chlorophyll contain?

Answer 19

Magnesium and nitrogen

Question 20

How does plant look without Mg/N?

Answer 20

Yellow leaves instead of green

Question 21

What is a leaf?

Answer 21

A factory of carbohydrates, as most chloroplasts are in those

Question 22

Structure of leaf?

Answer 22

Flat part (LAMINA) joined to rest of plant by leaf stalk

Question 23

What are vascular bundles?

Answer 23

Collection of xylem tubes and phloem vessels

Question 24

Why do leaves have such a great surface area?

Answer 24

To allow more sunlight, to diffuse more gas into atmosphere/leaf

Question 25

What are xylem vessels?

Answer 25

Tubes which move water from soil to leaf

Question 26

Tissues in a leaf?

Answer 26

1. Upper epidermis 2. Palisade mesophyll 3. Spongy mesophyll --> Vascular bundle (xylem tubes + phloem vessels) 4. Lower epidermis (guard cell, stomata)

Question 27

Upper epidermis?

Answer 27

1. Cells packed together (reduce water vapour escaping) 2. No chloroplasts 3. Secrete cuticle

Question 28

What is cuticle?

Answer 28

A waxy layer covering outside of leaf secreted by upper epidermis

Question 29

Palisade mesophyll?

Answer 29

1. Narrow cells 2. Chloroplasts contained 3. Main function: photosynthesis

Question 30

Spongy mesophyll?

Answer 30

1. Contains fewer chloroplasts 2. Air gaps for carbon dioxide and oxygen 3. Contains vascular bundle

Question 31

Lower epidermis?

Answer 31

1. Gets less sunlight 2. Doesn't lose much water vapour --> doesn't often have cuticle 3. Stomata, guard cells

Question 32

Stoma and guard cells?

Answer 32

Stoma --> opening Guard cells --> pair of cells which can change shape and either close/open stomata Allow diffusion of gases and water vapour

Question 33

What are chloroplasts made of?

Answer 33

1. Starch grains (white) 2. Stack of membranes containing chlorophyll 3. Membranes around them 4. Cytoplasm surrounding them

Question 34

What is photosynthesis affected by?

Answer 34

1. Supply of raw materials 2. Quantity of sunlight 3. Temperature (affects enzymes)

Question 35

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 35

Factor short in supply which stops an activity from happening at a faster rate

Question 36

What are limiting factors in photosynthesis?

Answer 36

1. Light intensity 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Temperature 4. Stomata --> close stomata = lack of raw materials, stomata closed on dry days to avoid losing water vapour