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Biology > Ch. 6 - Plant nutrition > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Taking in useful substances

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2
Q

How does nutrition work in plants?

A

They can make their own nutrients from inorganic substances

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3
Q

What is the process by which plants make carbohydrates?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

A green pigment

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5
Q

What is chlorophyll used for?

A

To capture energy from sunlight

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6
Q

Where does energy from sunlight go to?

A

To water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules and makes them react

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7
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

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8
Q

What happens to the oxygen?

A

Gets released into the atmosphere/water (if aquatic plant)

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9
Q

What is glucose used for?

A
  1. Energy
  2. Storing
  3. Making sucrose
  4. Making cellulose
  5. Making nectar
  6. Making aminoacids
  7. Making other substances
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10
Q

Glucose as energy?

A

Glucose used for many activities of cells (such as moving mineral ions into root hairs, building proteins)

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11
Q

Glucose for storing?

A

Turned it into starch, form starch grains, insoluble in water (don’t affect reactions), can be broken down back to glucose

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12
Q

Glucose for sucrose?

A

Glucose transforms into sucrose (larger) moved into tubes called phloem tubes

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13
Q

What are the phloem tubes?

A

Tubes used to move sucrose

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14
Q

Glucose for cellulose?

A

Glucose molecules linked to form cellulose (used for cell wall)

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15
Q

Glucose for nectar?

A

Glucose used to make nectar and attract pollinators

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16
Q

Glucose for amino acids?

A

Glucose used to make amino acids

17
Q

What else is needed to make amino acids?

A

Source of nitrogen found in nitrate ions (in soil)

18
Q

Glucose for chlorophyll?

A

Glucose can be used to make chlorophyll

19
Q

What does chlorophyll contain?

A

Magnesium and nitrogen

20
Q

How does plant look without Mg/N?

A

Yellow leaves instead of green

21
Q

What is a leaf?

A

A factory of carbohydrates, as most chloroplasts are in those

22
Q

Structure of leaf?

A

Flat part (LAMINA) joined to rest of plant by leaf stalk

23
Q

What are vascular bundles?

A

Collection of xylem tubes and phloem vessels

24
Q

Why do leaves have such a great surface area?

A

To allow more sunlight, to diffuse more gas into atmosphere/leaf

25
Q

What are xylem vessels?

A

Tubes which move water from soil to leaf

26
Q

Tissues in a leaf?

A
  1. Upper epidermis
  2. Palisade mesophyll
  3. Spongy mesophyll –> Vascular bundle (xylem tubes + phloem vessels)
  4. Lower epidermis (guard cell, stomata)
27
Q

Upper epidermis?

A
  1. Cells packed together (reduce water vapour escaping)
  2. No chloroplasts
  3. Secrete cuticle
28
Q

What is cuticle?

A

A waxy layer covering outside of leaf secreted by upper epidermis

29
Q

Palisade mesophyll?

A
  1. Narrow cells
  2. Chloroplasts contained
  3. Main function: photosynthesis
30
Q

Spongy mesophyll?

A
  1. Contains fewer chloroplasts
  2. Air gaps for carbon dioxide and oxygen
  3. Contains vascular bundle
31
Q

Lower epidermis?

A
  1. Gets less sunlight
  2. Doesn’t lose much water vapour –> doesn’t often have cuticle
  3. Stomata, guard cells
32
Q

Stoma and guard cells?

A

Stoma –> opening
Guard cells –> pair of cells which can change shape and either close/open stomata
Allow diffusion of gases and water vapour

33
Q

What are chloroplasts made of?

A
  1. Starch grains (white)
  2. Stack of membranes containing chlorophyll
  3. Membranes around them
  4. Cytoplasm surrounding them
34
Q

What is photosynthesis affected by?

A
  1. Supply of raw materials
  2. Quantity of sunlight
  3. Temperature (affects enzymes)
35
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

Factor short in supply which stops an activity from happening at a faster rate

36
Q

What are limiting factors in photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light intensity
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Temperature
  4. Stomata –> close stomata = lack of raw materials, stomata closed on dry days to avoid losing water vapour

Biology (12 decks)

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