Ch. 4 - Biological molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates?
Substances that include sugars, starch and cellulose
What do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What’s the simplest carbohydrate?
Sugars
What are sugars?
The simplest carbohydrates, they’re small molecules and are soluble in water
What is glucose?
Glucose is a sugar which is used in respiration to release energy, dissolves in blood plasma (delivered to every cell)
What can glucose link to form?
Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants)
What is glycogen?
Contained in liver, liver keeps concentration of glucose constant, if too much glucose then glycogen formed, energy store
What is starch?
A carbohydrate that is used as an energy store in plant cells
How can you detect the presence of starch? What’s the colour change?
Iodine solution, from brown to blue-back
How can you detect sugars? What’s the colour change?
Benedict’s solution, from blue to orange-red if reducing sugars
What are fats and oils also known as?
Lipids
What is fat?
A lipid which is solid at room temperature
What is an oil?
A lipid which is liquid at room temperatures
What do fats and oils contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are fats made of?
Glycerol and fatty acids
