Ch. 2 - Cells

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Smallest units from which all organisms are made

Question 2

What are microscopes used for?

Answer 2

To see cells clearly

Question 3

What are the two types of microscopes?

Answer 3

1. Light microscope
2. Electron microscope

Question 4

What are the pieces of a light microscope?

Answer 4

1. Eyepiece
2. Focussing knob
3. Objective lenses
4. Stage
5. Mirror

Question 5

How is the image of a light microscope called?

Answer 5

Photomicrograph

Question 6

How is the image of an electron microscope called?

Answer 6

Electron micrograph

Question 7

What does an electron microscope use?

Answer 7

Beam of electrons

Question 8

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 8

Thin layer of protein and fat surrounding the cytoplasm

Question 9

How is a cell membrane?

Answer 9

Partially permeable

Question 10

What does partially permeable mean? What is a partially permeable thing?

Answer 10

Allows some molecules/ions to pass but not others

Question 11

What’s the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what goes in and out

Question 12

Can cell membrane be seen in plants?

Answer 12

Most likely no, as it is tightly pressed against the inside of cell wall

Question 13

What is a cell wall?

Answer 13

A though layer usually made out of cellulose which surrounds cell membrane

Question 14

In what is a cell wall found?

Answer 14

Plants, fungi, and bacteria

Question 15

What is cellulose?

Answer 15

Something made out of polysaccharides

Question 16

What does cellulose form?

Answer 16

Fibres which criss cross over one another

Question 17

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 17

To prevent a cell from bursting when it absorbs too much water and swells

Question 18

What is a characteristic of the cell wall?

Answer 18

It’s fully permeable

Question 19

Why is the cell wall fully permeable?

Answer 19

Because it allows every molecule to pass through it thanks to the spaces between fibres

Question 20

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

A clear jelly which mainly contains water and can make up to 70% of some cells

Question 21

What is contained inside the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Substances, especially proteins

Question 22

What takes place inside the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

Metabolic reactions

Question 23

What are metabolic reactions?

Answer 23

Chemical reactions that take place in living organisms

Question 24

What is a vacuole?

Answer 24

A fluid-filled space inside a cell surrounded by its own membrane

Question 25

How are vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 25

1. Large and permanent vacuoles
2. Solution of sugars called ‘‘cell sap’’

Question 26

How does a vacuole work?

Answer 26

It presses outward on cell and keeps its shape

Question 27

How are vacuoles in animal cells?

Answer 27

1. Small
2. Called ‘‘vesicle’’

Question 28

What are vesicles?

Answer 28

Small vacuoles

Question 29

What is a nucleus?

Answer 29

Part of the cell in which genetic information is stored

Question 30

What are chromosomes?

Answer 30

Length of DNA contained in nucleus in which genetic information is stored

Question 31

What is DNA?

Answer 31

A molecule that contains information and instructions to make proteins inside cells

Question 32

What are the characteristics of chromosomes?

Answer 32

Thin and long

Question 33

When chromosomes be seen? Why?

Answer 33

When the cell is dividing as they become shorter and thicker

Question 34

Where are chloroplasts contained?

Answer 34

Into plant cells

Question 35

What do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 35

Chlorophyll and starch grains

Question 36

What are starch grains?

Answer 36

Tiny pieces of starch made by photosynthesis, never found in animal cells

Question 37

What are mitochondria?

Answer 37

Part of the cell in which aerobic respiration takes place

Question 38

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 38

Chemical reactions which use oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use

Question 39

Are mitochondria visible?

Answer 39

No, they’re invisible in a light microscope

Question 40

What are ribosomes?

Answer 40

Tiny structures which are found in all animal and plant cells

Question 41

What happens into ribosomes?

Answer 41

Information on DNA is used to make proteins out of long chain of amino in a particular sequence

Question 42

What are the characteristics of bacterial cells?

Answer 42

1. Cell wall which supports cell and stops it from bursting
2. Partially permeable membrane
3. Don’t have mitochondria and chloroplasts
4. Prokaryotic cells
5. Circle of DNA
6. Plasmids

Question 43

What are plasmids?

Answer 43

Small circles of DNA found in bacterial cells

Question 44

What are specialised cells?

Answer 44

Cells which perform a particular activity

Question 45

Ciliated cell, where and function?

Answer 45

Lining the trachea and bronchi of animals
Move mucus up

Question 46

Neurone, where and function?

Answer 46

In the nervous system of animals
Conducting electrical impulses

Question 47

Red blood cell, where and function?

Answer 47

In blood of mammals
Transporting oxygen

Question 48

Sperm cell, where and function?

Answer 48

Testes of mammals
The male gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 49

Egg cell, where and function?

Answer 49

Ovaries of mammals
The female gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 50

Root hair cell, where and function?

Answer 50

Near the tips of the roots of flowering plants
Absorption of water and mineral ions

Question 51

Mesophyll cell, where and function?

Answer 51

In the leaves of flowering plants
Photosynthesis

Question 52

What is a tissue?

Answer 52

A group of similar cells which work together to perform a specific function

Question 53

What are organs?

Answer 53

A group of tissues which work together to perform a particular function

Question 54

What are organ systems?

Answer 54

A group of organs which work together to perform a particular function