Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL2316.088TR > Ch. 6 - Matters of Sex > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Matters of Sex Flashcards

1
Q

The continued development of external and internal reproductive structures in response to hormones determines an individual’s _____.

A

Phenotypic sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A person’s attraction to individuals of the same or opposite sex is his or her _____.

A

Sexual orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ is based on the development of a testis or ovary from an early undifferentiated structure.

A

Gonadal sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Feelings or being male or female describe an individual’s _____.

A

Gender identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An individual’s _____ is based on his or her combination of X and Y chromosomes.

A

Chromosomal sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

One each of the X and Y chromosome

One normal X chromosome and an X chromosome with an SRY gene insertion

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two X chromosomes

One X chromosome and a Y chromosome with the SRY gene deleted

A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Present in females

Larger of the two

A

X chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contains the SRY gene

Has few genes

A

Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pattern baldness in humans occurs from an allele that is dominant in males and recessive in females.

A

Sex-influenced inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A woman who is heterozygous for the recessive hemophilia gene does not exhibit the disease. Her sons, but not daughters, inherit the disease.

A

X-linked inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A woman passes on the genes specifying heavy beard growth to her sons, despite not having a beard herself.

A

Sex-limited inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bulls that mate with a cow which produces milk that is low in saturated fat play their part in transmitting the mutation despite not producing milk themselves.

A

Sex-limited inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

X inactivation normally occurs only in males.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X inactivation is a change in an individual’s genotype.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The inactivated X chromosome is called a Barr body.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The XIST gene encodes a protein that binds to the X chromosome.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Females are mosaics for the expression of most genes on the X chromosome.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

X inactivation is an example of an epigenetic change.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A female has one X chromosome and _____.

A

One Barr body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A male has one X chromosome and _____.

A

Zero Barr bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

With respect to the expression of X-linked genes, females are _____.

A

Genetic mosaics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A female carrier of an X-linked trait who expresses the phenotype is called a _____.

A

Manifesting heterozygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The gene that controls X inactivation is the _____ gene.

A

XIST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Genomic imprinting is permanent in the somatic cells of a given individual.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Genomic imprinting is permanent and affects future generations.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Methylation is the chemical change underlying genomic imprinting.

A

True

28
Q

If a gene is imprinted, the offspring can express both the maternal and paternal allele.

A

False

29
Q

Passed from male to male

A

Y-linked

30
Q

Cause illness when mutant

A

X-linked

31
Q

In females, these traits are passed like autosomal traits

A

X-linked

32
Q

A man inherits this trait only from his mother

A

X-linked

33
Q

Only infertility has been linked

A

Y-linked

34
Q

What would be the result if X-inactivation did not occur?

A

Women would express genes on the X chromosome at twice the level that men do

35
Q

Increased risk of what disease is associated with an older father?

A

Noonan syndome

36
Q

Gout, a type of inflammatory arthritis, is a sex-influenced trait, where a loss-of-function allele of an autosomal gene is dominant in males, but recessive in females. If a heterozygous male with gout and a heterozygous female without gout have children, what proportion of the male offspring will not have gout?

A

25%

37
Q

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner through one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born male and affected?

A

0

38
Q

The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern of a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner through one family. The filled in circles and squares show affected individuals. What is the probability of individual III-2 being born female and affected?

A

1/2

39
Q

In the US in 2018, there were approximately 9.8 million men and 9.92 million women aged 40-44. What is the sex ratio for this population?

A

988

40
Q

A boy is diagnosed with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, a genetic disorder in which skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands develop abnormally. His maternal grandfather also has this disease. His sister, mother, and father do not have the disease. He has heard many stories of male members of his family being affected by this disease, but also knows of a distant aunt that has the disease. What principle is likely at work in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A

X linkage

41
Q

Genes for egg production in birds are carried by both male and female birds, although only female birds lay eggs. This is an example of _____.

A

a sex-limited trait

42
Q

Around 1 in 1,000 females has 3 X chromosomes, and is thus afflicted with triple X syndrome. Predict the number of Barr bodies found in the cells of a patient with triple X syndrome.

A

2

43
Q

A study showed that women with partners aged 35 years or older had around a 3-fold increase in spontaneous abortions compared with women conceiving with men that were younger than 25 years old. Assuming the maternal age was the same in both groups, what is the likely cause for this?

A

Over time, sperm have more chances to accumulate mutations because of the number of sperm produced in a lifetime, leading to spontaneous abortions.

44
Q

A woman with X-linked recessive colorblindness marries a man who can see colors. What is the probability that her sons will be colorblind? Her daughters?

A

100%; 0%

45
Q

Rachel’s father has X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), an X-linked recessive disorder that affects the body’s ability to fight infection. Rachel’s mother does not have the disease, nor does Rachel. Rachel marries an unaffected man. What is the probability that her daughters will be affected? What is the probability that her sons will be affected?

A

0%; 50%

46
Q

A male with a missing SRY gene would be phenotypically a _____.

A

Female

47
Q

A boy developed signs of sexual maturity at age 3. A possible diagnosis is _____.

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

48
Q

Femaleness or maleness is genetically set at _____.

A

Fertilization

49
Q

Unspecialized structures in embryos that develop into female sex organs are the _____.

A

Mullerian ducts

50
Q

Bipotential gonads are _____.

A

Paired structures in the embryo that can develop as either testes or ovaries

51
Q

Bipotential gonads develop _____.

A

During the fifth week of prenatal development

52
Q

The probability that the daughter of a woman with a dominant disease-causing allele on one X chromosome and a normal male will be affected with the disorder is _____.

A

1/2

53
Q

Sean has congenital generalized hypertrichosis, an X-linked dominant condition that produces dense hair on the face and upper body. He can pass this trait _____.

A

Definitely to a daughter and definitely not to a son

54
Q

Chloe has the scaly skin condition ichthyosis, which is X-linked recessive. Which of the following is most likely true?

A

Her mother was a carrier and her father was affected

55
Q

In males, genes on the X chromosome are _____.

A

Expressed

56
Q

X-linked genes have different patterns of expression in females and males because _____.

A

Males have only one copy of these genes

57
Q

The probability that a boy whose mother is heterozygous for an X-linked trait inherits the recessive allele is _____.

A

1/2

58
Q

A gene that determines the heaviness of a man’s beard is _____.

A

Sex-limited

59
Q

An allele that is dominant in one sex but recessive in the other is _____.

A

Sex-influenced

60
Q

A young girl is born that does not express the XIST gene. What will this mean for the expression of her genes relative to that of her brother?

A

Her cells will contain 2X the level of proteins encoded by the X chromosome compared to her brother’s cells

61
Q

A woman has a female calico cat with a Manx tail. She wants to mate her with a male calico, but can’t find one. Male calicos are rare; the only ones have the sex chromosome constitution XXY. Male calicos are therefore rare because _____.

A

Most male cats have only one X chromosome, so it cannot be shut off

62
Q

In female mammals, _____.

A

The paternally inherited X chromosome is shut off in some cells

63
Q

Approximately how many times more gametes are found in a single male ejaculation compared to all the eggs found in a female at puberty?

A

625 times

64
Q

What is true about the inheritance of the gene that causes Huntington disease?

A

If the mutant gene is inherited from one’s father, the disease progresses faster and with more severe symptoms

65
Q

In genomic imprinting, the expression of a genetic disorder depends on _____.

A

Which parent transmits the disease-causing allele

BIOL2316.088TR (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions